25/08/20Lokacin kimanta kyamarar kimiyya, ƙayyadaddun fasaha na iya zama mai ban mamaki - girman pixel, ƙimar ƙima, kewayo mai ƙarfi, da ƙari. Daga cikin waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai, zurfin ɗan zurfafa shine ɗayan mafi mahimmanci don tantance adadin bayanan da kyamarar ku zata iya ɗauka da kuma yadda amincin ta ke wakiltar cikakkun bayanai.
A cikin hoton kimiyya, inda bambance-bambance masu sauƙi a cikin haske zasu iya wakiltar mahimman bayanai, fahimtar zurfin zurfafawa ba na zaɓi ba - yana da mahimmanci.
Wannan labarin yana bayanin menene zurfin bit, yadda yake shafar ingancin hoto, rawar da yake takawa a cikin daidaiton bayanai, da kuma yadda ake zabar zurfin bit mai kyau don aikace-aikacenku.
Zurfin Bit: Matsakaicin Ƙididdigar Matsayin Grey a cikin Pixel Hoto
Lokacin aiki tare da kyamarar kimiyya, zurfin zurfafa yana bayyana adadin ƙimar ƙimar kowane pixel zai iya yin rikodin. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda a cikin hoton kimiyya, ƙimar kowane pixel na iya yin daidai da adadin da aka auna kai tsaye, kamar ƙididdigar photon ko ƙarfin haske.
Zurfin bit yana nuna adadin 'bits' na bayanan dijital na binary waɗanda kowane pixel ke amfani da shi don adana ƙimar ƙarfi, inda 8 ragowa suka zama byte ɗaya. An bayar da matsakaicin ƙimar matakin launin toka ta:
Matsakaicin matakan launin toka = 2 ^ (zurfin Bit)
Misali:
● 8-bit = matakan 256
● 12-bit = matakan 4,096
● 16-bit = matakan 65,536
Ƙarin matakan launin toka suna ba da izini don samun ingantacciyar haske mai haske da ƙarin ingantacciyar wakilci na bambance-bambance masu hankali, wanda zai iya zama mahimmanci lokacin auna sigina mara ƙarfi ko yin nazari na ƙididdigewa.
Zurfin bit da sauri
Ƙara zurfin zurfafa yana nufin cewa masu juyawa analog-zuwa-dijital (ADCs) dole ne su fitar da ƙarin ragi a kowane ma'auni. Wannan yawanci yana buƙatar su rage ma'aunin su a cikin daƙiƙa guda - watau, don rage ƙimar firam ɗin kamara.
Saboda wannan dalili, da yawakyamarori na kimiyyabayar da hanyoyi biyu na saye:
● Yanayin zurfin bit - Wannan yawanci yana ba da kewayo mai ƙarfi. Yana ba da fifikon ƙudurin tonal da kewayo mai ƙarfi don aikace-aikace kamar kyalli mai haske ko spectroscopy.
● Yanayin saurin sauri - Wannan yana rage zurfin zurfin cikin ni'imar ƙimar firam mai sauri, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga abubuwan da suka faru cikin sauri a cikin hoto mai sauri.
Sanin wannan cinikin yana taimaka muku zaɓi yanayin da ya dace da burin hoton ku - daidaici da ƙudurin ɗan lokaci.
Zurfin bit da tsayin daka
Ya zama ruwan dare don rikitar da zurfin zurfin da kewayo mai ƙarfi, amma ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Zurfin Bit yana bayyana adadin yuwuwar matakan haske, yayin da kewayo mai ƙarfi ke bayyana rabo tsakanin sigina mafi faɗuwa da haske.
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin su biyun ta dogara da ƙarin dalilai kamar saitunan samun kyamara da ƙarar karantawa. A haƙiƙa, za a iya bayyana kewayo mai ƙarfi a cikin “bits masu inganci,” ma’ana cewa aikin amo na iya rage adadin rago waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga bayanan hoto mai amfani.
Don zaɓin kamara, wannan yana nufin yakamata ku kimanta zurfin zurfafawa da tsayin daka tare maimakon ɗaukan ɗayan ya bayyana ɗayan.
Ana iya ƙididdige bytes ɗin ajiyar bayanan da ake buƙata kowane firam ɗin kyamara (ba tare da matsawa ba) kamar:
Adana bayanai
Bugu da ƙari, wasu tsarin fayil - kamar TIFF - adana bayanai 9- zuwa 16-bit a cikin "nannade" 16-bit. Wannan yana nufin cewa ko da hoton ku yana amfani da bits 12 kawai, sawun ma'ajiyar zai iya zama iri ɗaya da cikakken hoton 16-bit.
Don dakunan gwaje-gwajen da ke sarrafa manyan bayanan bayanai, wannan yana da tasiri mai amfani: hotuna masu zurfin zurfafawa suna buƙatar ƙarin sarari diski, tsawon lokacin canja wuri, da ƙarin ikon sarrafa kwamfuta. Daidaita madaidaicin buƙatun tare da ƙarfin sarrafa bayanai yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aikin aiki.
Yadda Zurfin Bit ke shafar ingancin Hoto
Hoto: Misalai masu zurfin zurfi
NOTE: Misalin ra'ayi na zurfin bit. Rage zurfin bit yana rage yawan matakan ƙarfi waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don nuna hoton.
Zurfin Bit yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan fannoni da yawa na ingancin hoto a cikin kyamarar kimiyya.
Rage Rage
Zurfin bit mafi girma yana ɗaukar ƙarin matakan haske, yana adana daki-daki a cikin inuwa da manyan bayanai.
Misali, a cikin ma'aunin haske mai haske, fasalulluka na iya zama da kyar a iya gani a hoto 8-bit amma sun fi bambanta a cikin kama 16-bit.
Smoother Tonal Gradations
Zurfin bit mafi girma yana ba da damar sauye-sauye masu santsi tsakanin matakan haske, guje wa “banding” a gradients. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, inda tsalle-tsalle na gaggawa zai iya gurbata sakamako.
Wakilin Sigina-zuwa-Amo (SNR).
Yayin da zurfin zurfafa ba ya ƙara SNR na firikwensin kai tsaye, yana ba kyamara damar wakiltar bambance-bambancen sigina daidai a saman bene na amo.
Idan SNR na firikwensin ya yi ƙasa da ƙudurin da zurfin bit ɗin ke bayarwa, waɗannan ƙarin raƙuman ƙila ba za su ba da gudummawa ga ingancin hoto na ainihi ba - abin da za a kiyaye.
Misali:
●Hoton 8-bit: Haɗuwar inuwa, fassarorin fasali sun ɓace, kuma canje-canje masu dabara sun ɓace.
●Hoton 16-bit: Gradations suna ci gaba, ana kiyaye tsarin suma, kuma ma'auni masu yawa sun fi dogara.
Zurfin Bit da Daidaitaccen Bayanai a cikin Hoto na Kimiyya
A cikin hoton kimiyya, hoto ba hoto ba ne kawai - bayanai ne. Kowane ƙimar pixel na iya dacewa da adadi mai ƙima, kamar ƙididdigar photon, ƙarfin haske, ko ƙarfin gani.
Zurfin bit mafi girma yana rage kuskuren ƙididdigewa-kuskuren kewayawa wanda ke faruwa lokacin da aka ƙirƙira siginar analog ɗin zuwa matakai masu hankali. Tare da ƙarin matakan da ake samu, ƙimar dijital da aka sanya wa pixel ta yi daidai da siginar analog na gaskiya.
Me ya sa wannan ya shafi
A cikin microscopy mai kyalli, bambance-bambancen mataki ɗaya na haske na iya wakiltar canji mai ma'ana a cikin tattarawar furotin.
A cikin ilmin taurari, alamun suma daga taurari masu nisa ko taurari na iya ɓacewa idan zurfin zurfin ya yi ƙasa sosai.
A spectroscopy, zurfin bit mafi girma yana tabbatar da ma'auni daidai na sha ko layukan fitarwa.
Kyamara ta sCMOS tare da fitowar 16-bit na iya yin rikodin bambance-bambance masu hankali waɗanda ba za a iya gani ba a cikin ƙaramin tsarin zurfin-bit, yana mai da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton adadi.
Nawa Ne Zurfin Kuke Bukata?
Yawancin aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar duka manyan matakan sigina da kewayon ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda a cikin yanayin zurfin zurfin bit (14-bit, 16-bit ko fiye) na iya zama fa'ida.
Yawancin lokaci tare da ƙananan hoton haske, duk da haka, zurfin bit ɗin da ake samu zai samar da mafi girman ƙarfin jikewa fiye da yadda za a kai a mafi yawan lokuta. Musamman don kyamarori 16-bit, sai dai idan ribar ta fi girma, cikakken kewayon 16-bit ba safai ake buƙata ba.
Kyamarar saurin sauri ko yanayin kamara na iya zama 8-bit kawai, wanda zai iya zama mafi iyakancewa, kodayake mafi girman saurin da hanyoyin 8-bit na iya ba da damar sau da yawa yin ciniki mai dacewa. Masu kera kyamarorin na iya haɓaka haɓakar nau'ikan 8-bit don jure matakan sigina na al'ada na aikace-aikacen hoto daban-daban ta hanyar saitunan riba masu canzawa.
Zaɓi Zurfin Bit Dama don Aikace-aikacenku
Anan ga bayani mai sauri don dacewa da zurfin zurfafawa zuwa yanayin hoto na kimiyya gama gari:
| Aikace-aikace | Shawarar Zurfin Bit | Dalili |
| Fluorescence Microscope | 16-bit | Gano sigina marasa ƙarfi da bambance-bambance masu ƙarfi |
| Hoton Astronomy | 14-16-bit | Ɗauki babban kewayo mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙarancin haske |
| Binciken Masana'antu | 12-14-bit | Gano ƙananan lahani tare da tsabta |
| Takaddun Gabaɗaya | 8-bit | Ya isa don dalilai marasa adadi |
| Spectroscopy | 16-bit | Kiyaye kyawawan bambance-bambance a cikin bayanan gani |
Ciniki-offs:
●Zurfin bit mafi girma= mafi kyawun ƙudurin tonal da daidaito, amma manyan fayiloli da lokutan aiki masu tsayi.
●Ƙananan zurfin zurfi= saurin saye da ƙananan fayiloli, amma haɗarin rasa cikakkun bayanai.
Zurfin Bit vs Sauran Bayanan Kamara
Yayin da zurfin zurfafa yana da mahimmanci, yanki ɗaya ne kawai na wuyar warwarewa lokacin zabar kyamarar kimiyya.
Nau'in Sensor (CCD vs CMOS vs sCMOS)
● Gine-ginen firikwensin firikwensin daban-daban suna da sautin karantawa daban-daban, kewayo mai ƙarfi, da ingancin adadi. Misali, babban firikwensin zurfin zurfin firikwensin tare da ƙarancin ƙimar ƙididdigewa yana iya yin gwagwarmaya a cikin ƙaramin haske.
Ƙimar Ƙirar (QE)
QE yana bayyana yadda ingantaccen na'urar firikwensin ke canza photon zuwa electrons. Babban QE yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar sigina masu rauni, kuma idan aka haɗa su tare da isasshen zurfin zurfafa, yana haɓaka daidaiton bayanai.
Rage Rage
● Ƙaƙƙarfan kewayon kyamara yana ƙayyade tazarar da ke tsakanin mafi ƙarancin sigina da haske wanda zai iya ɗauka lokaci guda. Maɗaukakin kewayo mai ƙarfi yana da fa'ida idan ya dace da ɗan zurfin da zai iya wakiltar waɗannan matakan haske.
Lura:
Zurfin bit mafi girma ba zai inganta ingancin hoto ba idan wasu iyakokin tsarin (kamar amo ko na gani) sune ainihin ƙugiya.
Misali, kyamarar 8-bit mai ƙarancin amo tana iya zarce tsarin 16-bit mai hayaniya a wasu aikace-aikace.
Kammalawa
A cikin hoton kimiyya, zurfin ɗan zurfafa ya wuce ƙayyadaddun fasaha - muhimmin mahimmanci ne wajen ɗaukar ingantattun bayanai masu inganci.
Daga gano sifofi masu rauni a cikin microscopy zuwa rikodin taurari masu nisa a cikin ilmin taurari, zurfin zurfin da ya dace yana tabbatar da cewa kyamarar kimiyyar ku tana adana cikakkun bayanai da ma'aunin bincikenku ya dogara da su.
Lokacin zabar kyamara:
1. Daidaita zurfin bit zuwa ainihin bukatun aikace-aikacenku.
2. Yi la'akari da shi tare da wasu mahimman bayanai kamar ƙimar ƙima, amo, da kewayo mai ƙarfi.
3. Ka tuna cewa zurfin bit mafi girma shine mafi mahimmanci lokacin da tsarinka zai iya amfani da shi.
Idan kana neman aCMOS kamara orsCMOS kamaraan ƙera shi don ɗaukar hoto mai zurfi na kimiyya, bincika kewayon samfuran mu da aka ƙera don daidaito, dogaro, da daidaiton bayanai.
FAQs
Menene bambanci mai amfani tsakanin 12-bit, 14-bit, da 16-bit a cikin hoton kimiyya?
A zahiri, tsalle daga 12-bit (matakan 4,096) zuwa 14-bit (matakan 16,384) sannan zuwa 16-bit (matakan 65,536) yana ba da damar ci gaba mafi kyawu tsakanin ƙimar haske.
● 12-bit ya isa ga masana'antu da yawa da aikace-aikacen takardun aiki inda ake sarrafa hasken wuta.
● 14-bit yana ba da ma'auni mai kyau na ma'auni da girman girman fayil ɗin sarrafawa, manufa don yawancin ayyukan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
● 16-bit ya yi fice a cikin ƙananan haske, yanayin yanayi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kamar microscopy na fluorescence ko hoton astronomical, inda ikon yin rikodin sigina mara ƙarfi ba tare da rasa cikakkun bayanai masu haske yana da mahimmanci ba.
Koyaya, tuna cewa hayaniyar firikwensin kamara da kewayo mai ƙarfi dole ne su kasance da kyau don amfani da waɗannan ƙarin matakan tonal - in ba haka ba, fa'idodin ƙila ba za a iya cimma ba.
Shin zurfin bit mafi girma koyaushe yana haifar da ingantattun hotuna?
Ba ta atomatik ba. Zurfin Bit yana ƙayyade yuwuwar ƙudurin tonal, amma ainihin ingancin hoton ya dogara da wasu dalilai, gami da:
● Sensor Sensitivity (ƙwarewar ƙididdiga)
● Kara karantawa
● ingancin gani
● kwanciyar hankali mai haske
Misali, kyamarar CMOS mai girman amo 16-bit na iya ɗaukar bayanan da ba ta da amfani fiye da kyamarar sCMOS mai ƙarancin amo 12-bit a wasu yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, zurfin bit mafi girma yana da fa'ida idan aka haɗa shi tare da ingantaccen tsarin hoto.
Zan iya saukar da samfurin daga babban hoto mai zurfi ba tare da rasa mahimman bayanai ba?
Ee - a gaskiya, wannan al'ada ce ta gama gari. Ɗaukarwa a zurfin ɗan ƙarami yana ba ku sassauci don aiwatarwa da ƙididdige ƙididdiga. Kuna iya daga baya misalta zuwa 8-bit don gabatarwa ko adanawa, riƙe sakamakon bincike ba tare da adana cikakken saitin bayanai ba. Kawai tabbatar da ainihin manyan fayiloli masu zurfin zurfafawa an adana su a wani wuri idan ana iya buƙatar sake nazari.
Wace rawa zurfin bit ke takawa a ma'aunin kimiyance?
A cikin hoto mai ƙididdigewa, zurfin zurfafa kai tsaye yana rinjayar yadda daidaitattun ƙimar pixel ke wakiltar ingantattun siginar duniya. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga:
● Na'urar gani da ido - Ma'aunin ƙarfin haske yana canzawa a matakin salula.
● Spectroscopy - Gano sauye-sauye masu sauƙi a cikin layukan sha / watsi.
● Ilimin taurari – Rikodi ramukan hasken haske akan dogon filaye.
A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ƙarancin zurfin zurfafawa na iya haifar da kurakurai na zagaye ko yanke sigina, yana haifar da fassarar bayanai mara kyau.
Kuna son ƙarin koyo? Dubi labarai masu alaƙa:
[Tsarin Range] - Menene Range Range?
Ƙimar Ƙimar Ƙirar Ƙimar a Kyamara na Kimiyya: Jagorar Mafari
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Duk haƙƙin mallaka. Lokacin ambato, da fatan za a yarda da tushen:www.tucsen.com
