25/08/15A cikin hoton kimiyya, daidaito shine komai. Ko kana ɗaukar siginonin haske mai ƙarancin haske ko bin diddigin abubuwa na sama, ikon kyamararka na gano haske kai tsaye yana rinjayar ingancin sakamakonka. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci, amma sau da yawa ba a fahimta ba, abubuwan da ke cikin wannan ma'auni shine ƙimar ƙididdiga (QE).
Wannan jagorar za ta bi ku ta hanyar abin da QE yake, dalilin da ya sa yake da mahimmanci, yadda ake fassara ƙayyadaddun QE, da kuma yadda yake kwatanta kowane nau'in firikwensin. Idan kuna kasuwa don akyamarar kimiyyako ƙoƙarin yin ma'anar bayanan bayanan kyamara, wannan na ku ne.
Hoto: Tucsen na yau da kullun na kyamarar QE misalan lanƙwasa
Menene Ƙimar Ƙimar Ƙirarriya?
Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa ) shi ne yuwuwar photon wanda ya kai ga firikwensin kyamara da gaske ana gano shi, kuma yana sakin photoelectron a cikin silicon.
A matakai da yawa a cikin tafiyar photon zuwa wannan batu, akwai shingen da zai iya ɗaukar hoto ko nuna su. Bugu da ƙari, babu wani abu da ke bayyana 100% ga kowane tsayin raƙuman photon, da duk wani canje-canje a cikin abun da ke ciki yana da damar yin tunani ko watsa photons.
An bayyana shi azaman kashi, ingantaccen ƙididdiga yana bayyana kamar:
QE (%) = (Yawan electrons da aka samar / adadin photon da ya faru) × 100
Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda biyu:
●QE na waje: Ayyukan da aka auna ciki har da tasiri kamar tunani da asarar watsawa.
●QE na ciki: Yana auna ingantaccen juzu'i a cikin firikwensin kanta, yana ɗaukan duk photons suna ɗauka.
Maɗaukakin QE yana nufin mafi kyawun hasken haske da siginonin hoto masu ƙarfi, musamman a cikin ƙananan haske ko ƙayyadaddun yanayin hoto.
Me yasa Ƙimar Ƙirar Mahimmanci a cikin kyamarori na Kimiyya?
A cikin hoto, yana da taimako koyaushe don ɗaukar mafi girman kaso na masu shigowa da hotuna waɗanda za mu iya, musamman a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar hankali sosai.
Koyaya, manyan na'urori masu auna firikwensin ƙididdigewa suna da tsada. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙalubalen injiniya na haɓaka abubuwan cikewa yayin kiyaye aikin pixel, kuma kuma saboda tsarin hasken baya. Wannan tsari, kamar yadda zaku koya, yana ba da damar mafi girman ingancin ƙididdigewa - amma yana zuwa tare da haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu.
Kamar duk ƙayyadaddun kamara, buƙatar ƙimar ƙimar ƙididdigewa dole ne koyaushe a auna shi da wasu dalilai don takamaiman aikace-aikacen hoto na ku. Misali, gabatar da rufewar duniya na iya kawo fa'ida ga aikace-aikace da yawa, amma yawanci ba za a iya aiwatar da su akan firikwensin BI ba. Bugu da ari, yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin transistor zuwa pixel. Wannan na iya rage ma'aunin cikawa kuma saboda haka ƙimar ƙima, ko da idan aka kwatanta da sauran firikwensin FI.
Misali aikace-aikace inda QE zai iya zama mahimmanci
Misalai kaɗan daga aikace-aikace:
● Ƙananan haske & hotunan kyalli na samfuran halitta marasa kayyade
● Hoto mai sauri
● Aikace-aikace masu ƙididdigewa suna buƙatar ma'aunin ma'auni mai mahimmanci
QE ta Nau'in Sensor
Fasaha na firikwensin hoto daban-daban suna nuna ingancin adadi daban-daban. Anan ga yadda QE yawanci ke kwatanta manyan nau'ikan firikwensin:
CCD (Na'urar Haɗaɗɗen Caji)
Hoton kimiyya na al'ada da aka fi so don ƙaramar ƙararsu da babban QE, galibi yana kaiwa tsakanin 70-90%. CCDs sun yi fice a aikace-aikace kamar ilmin taurari da kuma hoto mai tsawo.
CMOS (Madaidaicin Karfe-Oxide-Semiconductor)
Da zarar an iyakance ta da ƙananan QE da hayaniyar karantawa mafi girma, na'urori masu auna firikwensin CMOS na zamani-musamman ƙirar baya-baya-sun kama sosai. Yawancin yanzu sun kai kololuwar kimar QE sama da 80%, suna ba da kyakkyawan aiki tare da saurin firam da ƙananan amfani da wutar lantarki.
Bincika kewayon mu na ci-gabaCMOS kamarasamfura don ganin nisan wannan fasaha ta zo, kamarTucsen's Libra 3405M SCMOS Kamara, kyamarar kimiyyar ƙima mai girma da aka tsara don buƙatar aikace-aikacen ƙananan haske.
sCMOS (CMOS na Kimiyya)
Wani aji na musamman na CMOS wanda aka tsara don hoton kimiyya,sCMOS kamarafasaha ta haɗu da babban QE (yawanci 70-95%) tare da ƙaramar amo, babban kewayo mai ƙarfi, da saye da sauri. Mafi dacewa don hoton tantanin halitta, babban abin gani mai saurin gani, da haske mai yawan tashoshi.
Yadda Ake Karanta Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa
Masu masana'anta yawanci suna buga lanƙwan QE wanda ke tsara iya aiki (%) a tsayin raƙuman ruwa (nm). Waɗannan masu lanƙwasa suna da mahimmanci don tantance yadda kyamara ke yin aiki a cikin keɓaɓɓen jeri.
Mabuɗin abubuwan da za a nema:
●Babban QE: Matsakaicin inganci, sau da yawa a cikin kewayon 500-600 nm (hasken kore).
●Tsawon Wavelength: Tagar da za a iya amfani da ita inda QE ke zama sama da madaidaicin kofa (misali,> 20%).
●Yankunan saukarwa: QE yana ƙoƙarin faɗuwa a cikin yankunan UV (<400 nm) da NIR (> 800 nm).
Fassarar wannan lanƙwan yana taimaka muku daidaita ƙarfin firikwensin tare da aikace-aikacenku, ko kuna yin hoto a cikin bakan da ake iya gani, kusa-infrared, ko UV.
Dogaro da Tsawon Wave na Ƙarfin Ƙirar
Hoto: QE mai lankwasa yana nuna dabi'u na yau da kullun don na'urori masu auna siliki masu haske na gaba da baya
NOTE: Hoton yana nuna yuwuwar gano photon (ƙididdigar ƙima,%) tare da tsayin raƙuman photon ga kyamarori huɗu misali. Bambance-bambancen firikwensin firikwensin daban-daban da sutura na iya jujjuya waɗannan lanƙwasa sosai
Ƙimar ƙididdigewa yana dogara da tsayin daka, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi. Yawancin na'urori masu auna firikwensin silicon suna nuna ƙimar ƙimar su mafi girma a cikin ganuwa na bakan, galibi a yankin kore zuwa rawaya, daga kusan 490nm zuwa 600nm. Za'a iya canza maƙallan QE ta hanyar rufin firikwensin da bambance-bambancen kayan don samar da QE kololuwa a kusa da 300nm a cikin ultra-violet (UV), kusa da 850nm a kusa da infra ja (NIR), da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa tsakanin.
Duk kyamarori masu tushen silicon suna nuna raguwar ƙimar ƙima zuwa 1100nm, wanda photons ba su da isasshen kuzari don sakin photoelectrons. Ayyukan UV na iya zama da iyakancewa sosai a cikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin tare da microlenses ko gilashin taga UV-blocking, wanda ke hana gajeriyar haske daga isa ga firikwensin.
A tsakanin, QE masu lankwasa ba su da santsi kuma ko da, kuma a maimakon haka sau da yawa sun haɗa da ƙananan kololuwa da ramuka waɗanda ke haifar da kaddarorin kayan daban-daban da fayyace na kayan da pixel ya kunsa.
A cikin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙwarewar UV ko NIR, yin la'akari da ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdigewa zai iya zama mafi mahimmanci, kamar yadda a wasu kyamarorin ƙididdiga na iya zama mafi girma fiye da wasu a iyakar iyakar.
Hankalin X-ray
Wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin silicon na iya aiki a cikin ɓangaren haske da ake iya gani na bakan, yayin da kuma suna iya gano wasu tsayin raƙuman na'urorin X-ray. Koyaya, kyamarori yawanci suna buƙatar takamaiman aikin injiniya don jurewa duka tare da tasirin hasken X akan na'urorin lantarki na kamara, da kuma ɗakunan injin da ake amfani da su gabaɗaya don gwaje-gwajen X-ray.
Infrared Kamara
A ƙarshe, na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba bisa siliki ba amma akan wasu kayan na iya nuna maɓalli daban-daban na QE. Misali, InGaAs infrared kyamarori, dangane da Indium Gallium Arsenide a madadin silicon, na iya gano faffadan jeri a cikin NIR, har zuwa matsakaicin kusan 2700nm, dangane da bambancin firikwensin.
Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Kamara
Haɓakar ƙididdiga shine ma'aunin aikin maɓalli, amma baya aiki a keɓe. Ga yadda yake da alaƙa da wasu mahimman bayanai na kyamara:
QE vs. Hankali
Hankali shine ikon kamara don gano alamun suma. QE yana ba da gudummawa kai tsaye zuwa hankali, amma wasu dalilai kamar girman pixel, ƙara karantawa, da duhun halin yanzu suna taka rawa.
QE vs. Siginar-zuwa-Amo Ratio (SNR)
QE mafi girma yana inganta SNR ta hanyar samar da ƙarin sigina (electrons) kowane photon. Amma yawan hayaniya, saboda ƙarancin lantarki ko rashin isasshen sanyaya, na iya lalata hoton.
QE vs. Dynamic Range
Yayin da QE ke shafar adadin haske da aka gano, kewayon mai ƙarfi yana kwatanta rabo tsakanin mafi haske da mafi duhun sigina da kyamarar zata iya ɗauka. Babban kyamarar QE tare da kewayon matsakaici mara kyau na iya haifar da sakamako mai ƙarancin ƙima a cikin fage mai girma.
A taƙaice, ƙimar ƙididdigewa yana da mahimmanci, amma koyaushe kimanta shi tare da ƙarin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Menene Ingantacciyar Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙa'ida?
Babu "mafi kyau" QE na duniya-ya dogara da aikace-aikacenku. Wannan ya ce, ga maƙasudin gabaɗaya:
| QE Range | Matsayin Ayyuka | Amfani da Cases |
| <40% | Ƙananan | Bai dace da amfani da kimiyya ba |
| 40-60% | Matsakaicin | Aikace-aikacen kimiyya matakin-shigarwa |
| 60-80% | Yayi kyau | Ya dace da yawancin ayyukan hoto |
| 80-95% | Madalla | Low-haske, high-madaidaici, ko hoton-iyakantaccen hoto |
Hakanan, yi la'akari da kololuwar QE da matsakaicin QE a cikin kewayon da kuke so.
Kammalawa
Haɓaka ƙididdiga ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi mahimmanci, duk da haka ba a kula da su ba, abubuwan da ke zabar na'urar hoto ta kimiyya. Ko kuna kimanta CCDs, sCMOS kyamarori, ko kyamarori na CMOS, fahimtar QE yana taimaka muku:
● Yi hasashen yadda kyamarar ku za ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske na ainihi
● Kwatanta samfuran da gaske fiye da da'awar talla
● Daidaita ƙayyadaddun kamara tare da buƙatun kimiyyar ku
Kamar yadda fasahar firikwensin ke ci gaba, kyamarori masu girman QE na yau suna ba da hankali da juzu'i a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri. Amma komai girman kayan aikin, zabar kayan aikin da ya dace yana farawa tare da fahimtar yadda ƙimar ƙima ta dace da hoto mafi girma.
FAQs
Shin ingancin jimla mafi girma koyaushe yana da kyau a kyamarar kimiyya?
Ƙwararren ƙididdigewa (QE) gabaɗaya yana haɓaka ikon kamara don gano ƙananan matakan haske, wanda ke da ƙima a aikace-aikace kamar microscopy mai kyalli, ilmin taurari, da hoton kwaya ɗaya. Koyaya, QE yanki ɗaya ne kawai na madaidaitan bayanin martaba. Kyamara mai girma-QE tare da kewayon matsakaici mara kyau, hayaniyar karantawa, ko rashin isasshen sanyaya na iya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako. Don mafi kyawun aiki, koyaushe kimanta QE a haɗe tare da wasu mahimman bayanai kamar amo, zurfin bit, da gine-ginen firikwensin.
Ta yaya ake auna ingancin adadi?
Ana auna ingancin jimla ta hanyar haskaka firikwensin tare da sanannen adadin photon a wani takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa sannan a ƙidaya adadin electrons ɗin da firikwensin ya samar. Ana yin wannan yawanci ta amfani da madogaran haske na monochromatic calibrated da photodiode. An ƙirƙira ƙimar QE da ta haifar a cikin tsayin raƙuman ruwa don ƙirƙirar lanƙwasa QE. Wannan yana taimakawa tantance martanin firikwensin firikwensin, mai mahimmanci don daidaita kyamara zuwa tushen hasken aikace-aikacenku ko kewayon fitarwa.
Shin software ko tacewa na waje na iya inganta ƙimar ƙima?
A'a. Ƙimar ƙimar ƙima wani abu ne mai mahimmanci, matakin hardware na na'urar firikwensin hoto kuma ba za a iya canza shi ta software ko na'urorin haɗi na waje ba. Koyaya, masu tacewa na iya haɓaka ingancin hoto gabaɗaya ta haɓaka sigina-zuwa amo (misali, ta amfani da matattarar fitar da iska a aikace-aikacen haske), kuma software na iya taimakawa tare da rage amo ko aiwatarwa. Har yanzu, waɗannan ba sa canza ƙimar QE kanta.
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Duk haƙƙin mallaka. Lokacin ambato, da fatan za a yarda da tushen:www.tucsen.com
