25/08/20I ka loiloi ʻana i kahi pahupaʻikiʻi ʻepekema, hiki i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī ke hoʻomāhuahua - ka nui o ka pixel, quantum efficiency, dynamic range, a me nā mea hou aku. Ma waena o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka bit depth kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻike e hiki ai i kāu kamepiula ke hopu a pehea e hōʻike pono ai i nā kikoʻī maikaʻi.
Ma ke kiʻi ʻepekema, kahi e hiki ai i nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōlinolino ke hōʻike i ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole koho ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hohonu bit - pono ia.
Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i ke ʻano o ka bit depth, pehea e pili ai i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi, kona kuleana i ka pololei ʻikepili, a pehea e koho ai i ka hohonu bit pono no kāu noi.
Bit Depth: ʻO ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hina hina ma kahi kiʻi Pixel
I ka hana ʻana me ka pahupaʻikiʻi ʻepekema, ʻike ʻia ka hohonu bit i ka nui o nā waiwai ikaika e hiki i kēlā me kēia pika ke hoʻopaʻa. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka mea ma ke kiʻi ʻepekema, pili pololei ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia pika i ka nui i ana ʻia, e like me ka helu photon a i ʻole ka ikaika fluorescence.
Hōʻike ka bit depth i ka helu o nā 'bits' o ka ʻikepili kikohoʻe binary i hoʻohana ʻia e kēlā me kēia pika no ka mālama ʻana i nā waiwai ikaika, kahi e hana ai nā 8 bits i hoʻokahi byte. Hāʻawi ʻia ka waiwai o ka pae hina hina e:
Nā pae hina hina kiʻekiʻe loa = 2^(Bit hohonu)
ʻo kahi laʻana:
● 8-bit = 256 pae
● 12-bit = 4,096 pae
● 16-bit = 65,536 pae
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pae hina i hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ʻōlinolino a me ka hōʻike pololei ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa maʻalahi, hiki ke koʻikoʻi i ke ana ʻana i nā hōʻailona nāwaliwali a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i ka loiloi quantitative.
Bit hohonu a me ka wikiwiki
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hohonu bit, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono nā mea hoʻololi analogue-to-digital (ADCs) e hoʻopuka i nā bits hou aku i kēlā me kēia ana. Pono kēia iā lākou e hōʻemi i kā lākou ana i kēlā me kēia kekona - ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻemi i ka nui o ka pahu pahu pahu pahu.
No kēia kumu, nuinā kamera ʻepekemahāʻawi i ʻelua mau ʻano kūʻai:
● Ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe - Hāʻawi maʻamau kēia i ka laulā hoʻoikaika kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokumu mua i ka hoʻonā tonal a me ka laulā ikaika no nā noi e like me ka microscopy fluorescence a i ʻole spectroscopy.
● Kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki 'ano - E hoemi ana i ka bit hohonu i makemake i ka oi aku ka wikiwiki o ke kiʻi kiʻi, he mea nui ia no nā hanana wikiwiki i ka kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kēia kālepa-off e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke ʻano e kūlike me kāu mau pahuhopu kiʻi - pololei a me ka hoʻonā kino.
ʻO ka hohonu bit a me ka laulā ikaika
He mea maʻamau ka huikau ʻana i ka hohonu bit me ka laulā ikaika, akā ʻaʻole like lākou. Hōʻike ka bit depth i ka helu o nā pae ʻālohilohi hiki ke hiki, aʻo ka laulā ikaika e wehewehe i ka ratio ma waena o nā hōʻailona nāwaliwali loa a hiki ke ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻelua e pili ana i nā mea hou aʻe e like me nā hoʻonohonoho kiʻi kamera a me ka walaʻau heluhelu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka laulima ikaika i nā "bits kūpono," ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i ka hana walaʻau ke hoʻemi i ka helu o nā bits e kōkua i ka ʻikepili kiʻi hoʻohana.
No ke koho ʻana i nā pahupaʻikiʻi, ʻo ia ka mea pono ʻoe e loiloi i ka hohonu o ka bit a me ka laulima ikaika ma mua o ka manaʻo e wehewehe piha kekahi i kekahi.
Hiki ke helu ʻia nā bytes o ka mālama ʻikepili i koi ʻia no kēlā me kēia pahu pahu pahu pahu (me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana) e like me:
Waihona ʻikepili
Eia hou, kekahi mau waihona waihona - e like me TIFF - e mālama i ka ʻikepili 9- a 16-bit i loko o kahi "wrapper" 16-bit. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā hoʻohana kāu kiʻi i nā bits 12 wale nō, ua like paha ka footprint waihona me ke kiʻi piha 16-bit.
No nā labs e mālama ana i nā ʻikepili nui, loaʻa kēia i nā manaʻo kūpono: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kiʻi ʻoi aku ka hohonu e koi ana i ka nui o ka diski, nā manawa hoʻololi ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, a ʻoi aku ka mana o ka hoʻopili ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pono kūpono me ka hiki ke hoʻokele ʻikepili he mea nui ia no kahi kaʻina hana kūpono.
Pehea e pili ai ka Bit Depth i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi
Kiʻi: Nā laʻana hohonu bit
HOOLAHA: Hōʻikeʻike o ka manaʻo o ka bit depth. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hohonu bit e hoʻemi i ka helu o nā ʻanuʻu ikaika e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ke kiʻi.
He hopena pololei ka bit depth i kekahi mau ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi i loko o ka pahupaʻikiʻi ʻepekema.
Laina Paʻi
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻōlinolino, e mālama ana i nā kikoʻī ma nā aka a me nā mea koʻikoʻi.
No ka laʻana, ma ka microscopy fluorescence, ʻike ʻole ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona pohihihi ma kahi kiʻi 8-bit akā ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa i ka hopu ʻana he 16-bit.
Hoʻonui Tonal Gradations
Hiki i nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻololi maʻalahi ma waena o nā pae ʻālohilohi, e pale ana i ka "paʻi" i nā gradients. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka nānā ʻana i ka quantitative, kahi e hiki ai i nā lele hikiwawe ke hoʻololi i nā hopena.
Hōʻike hōʻailona-a-noise ratio (SNR).
ʻOiai ʻaʻole e hoʻonui pololei ka bit depth i ka SNR o kahi sensor, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike pololei i ka pahupaʻikiʻi i nā ʻano hōʻailona maʻalahi ma luna o ka papahele leo.
Inā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka SNR o ka sensor ma mua o ka hoʻonā i hāʻawi ʻia e ka bit depth, ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā mau ʻāpana keu ke kōkua i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi maoli - kahi mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai.
Laʻana:
●Kiʻi 8-bit: Hoʻohui ʻia nā aka, nalowale nā hiʻohiʻona, a nalowale nā loli maʻalahi.
●16-bit kiʻi: Hoʻomau ʻia ka helu ʻana, mālama ʻia nā hale palupalu, a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o nā ana quantitative.
Hohonu Bit a me ka pololei o ka ʻikepili i ke kiʻi ʻepekema
Ma ke kiʻi ʻepekema, ʻaʻole kiʻi wale ke kiʻi - he ʻikepili ia. Hiki ke like ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia pika me ka nui i hiki ke ana, e like me ka helu photon, ka ikaika o ka fluorescence, a i ʻole ka mana spectral.
ʻO ka hohonu o ka bit kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi ana i ka hewa quantization - ka pōʻai-off error i hana ʻia i ka wā i helu ʻia ka hōʻailona analog i nā pae ʻokoʻa. Me nā pae ʻē aʻe i loaʻa, ʻoi aku ka pili o ka waiwai kikohoʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi pika me ka hōʻailona analog maoli.
No ke aha kēia mea nui
● I loko o ka microscopy fluorescence, hiki i ka ʻokoʻa hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu i ka ʻōlinolino ke hōʻike i kahi loli koʻikoʻi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka protein.
● Ma ka ʻike hōkū, hiki ke nalowale nā hōʻailona nāwaliwali mai nā hōkū mamao a i ʻole nā aniani inā haʻahaʻa loa ka hohonu.
● Ma ka spectroscopy, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hohonu bit e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā ana pololei o ka absorption a i ʻole nā laina hoʻokuʻu.
Hiki i ka pahupaʻikiʻi sCMOS me ka puka 16-bit ke hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma kahi ʻōnaehana bit-hohonu haʻahaʻa, no laila pono ia no nā noi e koi ana i ka pololei quantitative.
Pehea ka nui o ka Bit Depth āu e pono ai?
Pono ka nui o nā noi i nā pae hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā kiʻekiʻe, a laila hiki ke pōmaikaʻi ka hohonu bit kiʻekiʻe (14-bit, 16-bit a ʻoi aku paha).
ʻO ka mea maʻamau me nā kiʻi māmā haʻahaʻa, akā naʻe, ʻo ka hohonu o ka bit i loaʻa e hāʻawi i ka ikaika saturation kiʻekiʻe loa ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka nui o nā hihia. Maikaʻi no nā kāmeʻa 16-bit, ke ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa, ʻaʻole pono ka laulā 16-bit piha.
Hiki i nā kāmeʻa kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki a i ʻole nā ʻano kāmela kiʻekiʻe he 8-bit wale nō, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke kaupalena ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe e hiki i nā ʻano 8-bit ke hiki ke hoʻolilo pinepine i ke kālepa. Hiki i nā mea hana kamera ke hoʻonui i ka versatility o nā ʻano 8-bit e hoʻokō i nā pae hōʻailona maʻamau o nā noi kiʻi like ʻole ma o nā hoʻonohonoho waiwai hoʻololi.
Ke koho ʻana i ka hohonu bit pono no kāu noi
Eia kahi kuhikuhi wikiwiki no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hohonu bit me nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻi ʻepekema maʻamau:
| Palapala noi | Paipai ʻia ʻo Bit Depth | Ke kumu |
| ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Fluorescence | 16-bit | E ʻike i nā hōʻailona nāwaliwali a me nā ʻokoʻa ikaika |
| Kiʻi Astronomy | 14–16-bit | Hoʻopaʻa i ka laulā ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma nā kūlana kukui haʻahaʻa |
| Nānā Hana Hana | 12–14-bit | E ʻike i nā hemahema liʻiliʻi me ka maopopo |
| Palapala Nui | 8-bit | Ua lawa no ka nui ole |
| ʻIkepili | 16-bit | E mālama i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻikepili spectral |
Kūʻai kūʻai:
●ʻOi aku ka hohonu bit= ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonā tonal a me ka pololei, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā faila a me nā manawa hana lōʻihi.
●Haʻahaʻa bit hohonu= loaʻa wikiwiki a me nā faila liʻiliʻi, akā hiki ke nalowale i nā kikoʻī maʻalahi.
Bit Depth vs Nā Kiʻi Paʻi Paʻi ʻē aʻe
ʻOiai he mea nui ka hohonu iki, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana o ka puzzle ke koho ʻana i kahi pahupaʻikiʻi ʻepekema.
ʻAno ʻIke (CCD vs CMOS vs sCMOS)
● He ʻokoʻa ka leo heluhelu, ke ʻano ikaika, a me ka maikaʻi o ka quantum i nā hale hana ʻike like ʻole. No ka laʻana, hiki ke paʻakikī ka mea ʻike kiʻekiʻe-bit-hohonu me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka quantum i ka kiʻi haʻahaʻa.
Kuantum Efficiency (QE)
● Ho'ākāka 'o QE i ka maika'i o ka ho'ololi 'ana o ka mea 'ike i nā ki'i i nā electron. He mea koʻikoʻi ka QE kiʻekiʻe no ka hopu ʻana i nā hōʻailona nāwaliwali, a ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka hohonu o ka bit, hoʻonui ia i ka pololei o ka ʻikepili.
Laina Paʻi
● Hoʻoholo ka laulā ikaika o ka pahupaʻikiʻi i ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā hōʻailona nāwaliwali a ʻālohilohi hiki ke hopu i ka manawa like. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka laulā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi hohonu liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hōʻike i kēlā mau pae ʻālohilohi.
Nānā:
ʻAʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi i kahi hohonu ʻoi aʻe inā ʻo nā palena ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana (e like me ka walaʻau a i ʻole optics) ʻo ia ka bottleneck maoli.
No ka laʻana, hiki i ka pahupaʻikiʻi 8-bit me ka leo haʻahaʻa ke hoʻokō i kahi ʻōnaehana 16-bit walaʻau ma kekahi mau noi.
Ka hopena
Ma ke kiʻi ʻepekema, ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka bit ma mua o kahi kikoʻī ʻenehana - he kumu nui ia i ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻikepili pololei a hilinaʻi.
Mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā hale palupalu i ka microscopy a hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā galaxies mamao ma ka ʻike hōkū, ʻo ka hohonu kūpono e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana o kāu kamera ʻepekema i nā kikoʻī a me nā ana i hilinaʻi ʻia ai kāu noiʻi.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi kamera:
1. E hoʻohālikelike i ka hohonu bit me nā pono pololei o kāu noi.
2. E noʻonoʻo iā ia me nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ka quantum efficiency, ka walaʻau, a me ka laulā ikaika.
3. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka waiwai nui o ka bit depth ke hiki i kāu ʻōnaehana ke hoʻohana pono iā ia.
Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i kahipahupaʻikiʻi CMOS orpahupaʻikiʻi sCMOSi hoʻolālā ʻia no ke kiʻi ʻepekema kiʻekiʻe-bit-hohonu, e ʻimi i kā mākou mau hiʻohiʻona i hana ʻia no ka pololei, hilinaʻi, a me ka pololei ʻikepili.
FAQs
He aha ka ʻokoʻa kūpono ma waena o 12-bit, 14-bit, a me 16-bit i ka ʻepekema ʻepekema?
Ma nā ʻōlelo kūpono, ʻo ka lele ʻana mai ka 12-bit (4,096 pae) a i ka 14-bit (16,384 pae) a laila i ka 16-bit (65,536 pae) e hiki ai i ka hoʻokae ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma waena o nā waiwai kukui.
● Ua lawa ka 12-bit no nā noi ʻoihana a me nā palapala e hoʻomalu maikaʻi ʻia ai ke kukui.
● 14-bit hāʻawi i kahi kaulike maikaʻi o ka pololei a me ka nui o ka faila hiki ke mālama ʻia, kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā workflows.
● ʻOi aku ka 16-bit i nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe e like me ka fluorescence microscopy a i ʻole ke kiʻi astronomical, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻopaʻa i nā hōʻailona nāwaliwali me ka nalowale ʻole o nā kikoʻī ʻālohilohi.
Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻomanaʻo i ka leo kani o ke kāmela a me ke ʻano ikaika e pono e hoʻohana i kēlā mau ʻanuʻu tonal hou - inā ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kiʻi i loaʻa i ka hohonu bit kiʻekiʻe?
ʻAʻole aunoa. Hoʻoholo ka hohonu bit i ka hoʻonā tonal hiki, akā pili ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi maoli i nā kumu ʻē aʻe, me:
● ʻO ka ʻike naʻau (kuantum efficiency)
● walaʻau heluhelu
● Optics maikaʻi
● Paʻa kukui
No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi i ka pahupaʻikiʻi CMOS 16-bit kiʻekiʻe i nā kikoʻī maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o kahi pahu pahu sCMOS 12-bit haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kekahi mau kūlana. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hohonu bit kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻopili ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana kiʻi maikaʻi.
Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa mai kahi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe-bit-hohonu me ka nalowale ʻole o ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi?
ʻAe — ʻoiaʻiʻo, he hana maʻamau kēia. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana ma kahi ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka maʻalahi no ka hoʻoponopono hope a me ka nānā ʻana i ka quantitative. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka 8-bit no ka hōʻike ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, me ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena loiloi me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka ʻikepili piha. E hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā faila kiʻekiʻe-bit-hohonu ma kahi e pono ai ke nānā hou ʻia.
He aha ke kuleana o ka bit depth i nā ana ʻepekema quantitative?
Ma ke kiʻi kiʻi nui, hoʻololi pololei ka hohonu bit i ka pololei o nā waiwai pixel e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika hōʻailona honua maoli. He mea nui kēia no:
● Microscopy – Ke ana ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka fluorescence i ka pae kelepona.
● Spectroscopy - Ke ʻike nei i nā hoʻololi maʻalahi i nā laina hoʻoheheʻe.
● Astronomy – E hoʻopaʻa ana i nā kumu kukui palupalu ma nā hōʻike lōʻihi.
I kēia mau hihia, ʻaʻole lawa ka hohonu bit hiki ke hana i nā hewa pōʻai a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana i ka hōʻailona, e alakaʻi ana i ka wehewehe ʻikepili pololei ʻole.
Makemake ʻoe e aʻo hou aku? E nānā i nā ʻatikala pili:
[Dynamic Range] – He aha ka Dynamic Range?
Kuantum Efficiency in Scientific Cameras: He alakaʻi no ka hoʻomaka
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Ua mālama ʻia nā kuleana āpau. Ke helu ʻana, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu:www.tucsen.com
