24/05/22EMCCD sensors yog qhov kev tshwm sim: ua kom koj lub siab xav los ntawm kev txo koj cov suab nrov. Zoo, yuav luag, ntau qhov tseeb peb tau nce lub teeb liab kom koj lub suab nrov zoo li nws me dua.
Thiab peb hlub lawv, lawv nrhiav tau ib lub tsev tam sim uas tsis tshua muaj teeb liab ua hauj lwm xws li ib molecule thiab spectroscopy thiab ces kis mus rau hauv lub microscope system muab rau tej yam xws li spinning disc, super daws teeb meem thiab tshaj. Thiab ces peb tua lawv. Los yog peb puas tau?
EMCCD thev naus laus zis muaj keeb kwm nrog ob tus neeg xa khoom tseem ceeb: e2V thiab Texas Instruments. E2V, tam sim no Teledyne e2V, pib qhov dov nrog cov sensors thaum ntxov ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 1990s tab sis tau ua tiag tiag strides nrog cov feem ntau txais variant, muaj ib tug array ntawm 512 x 512 nrog 16-micron pixels.
Qhov pib, thiab tej zaum tseem ceeb tshaj plaws EMCCD sensor muaj qhov cuam tshuam tiag tiag thiab ib nrab ntawm qhov no yog qhov loj pixel tiag. 16-micron pixels ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav tau khaws 6 lub sijhawm ntau lub teeb dua li CCD nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm, ICX285, tshwj xeeb hauv CoolSnap thiab Orca series nrov. Tshaj li pixel loj, cov khoom siv no tau rov qab teeb pom kev hloov pauv 30% ntau dua photons noj qhov ntawd 6 npaug ntau dua rau 7.
Yog li EMCCD tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo 7 npaug ntau dua ua ntej peb txawm muab nws thiab tau txais qhov cuam tshuam ntawm EMCCD nce. Tam sim no tau kawg koj tuaj yeem sib cav tias koj tuaj yeem tso rau hauv CCD, lossis koj tuaj yeem siv optics los tsim cov pixels loj dua - nws tsuas yog tib neeg feem coob tsis ua!
Ntxiv rau qhov no, tau txais cov suab nrov hauv qab 1 electron yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tsis pub dawb. Cov txheej txheem sib ntxiv tau nce qhov tsis paub meej ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab nrov nrov, tam sim no tsaus nti, thiab lwm yam uas peb muaj ua ntej kev sib faib tau nce los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1.4. Yog li, qhov ntawd txhais li cas? Zoo, nws txhais tau hais tias EMCCD yog qhov rhiab heev tab sis tsuas yog thaum lub teeb qis, zoo li ntawd yog thaum koj xav tau txoj cai?
Tawm tsam CCD classic, nws tsis muaj kev sib tw. Loj pixels, ntau QE, EM nce. Thiab peb txhua tus zoo siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntawm peb hauv kev muag khoom: $ 40,000, thov ...
Tib yam uas peb tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua nrog yog qhov nrawm, thaj chaw sensor, thiab (tsis yog peb paub tias nws ua tau) pixel me me.
Tom qab ntawd kev tswj hwm kev xa tawm thiab kev ua raws cai tuaj, thiab qhov ntawd tsis lom zem. Nws hloov tawm hais tias kev taug qab ib qho molecules thiab taug qab foob pob hluav taws zoo ib yam, thiab cov tuam txhab lub koob yees duab thiab lawv cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tswj hwm lub koob yees duab muag thiab xa tawm.
Tom qab ntawd sCMOS tuaj, pib los ntawm kev cog lus rau lub ntiaj teb - thiab tom qab ntawd dhau 10 xyoo tom ntej yuav luag xa nws. Cov pixels me me tau txais cov neeg 6.5 microns lawv nyiam rau 60x lub hom phiaj thiab tag nrho nrog qis nyeem suab ntawm li 1.5 electrons. Tam sim no qhov no tsis yog EMCCD heev, tab sis tawm tsam 6 electrons ntawm kev sib piv CCD thev naus laus zis ntawm lub sijhawm nws zoo heev.
Thawj sCMOS tseem nyob pem hauv ntej illuminated. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 2016 rov qab illuminated sCMOS tuaj txog, thiab ua kom nws tshwm sim txawm ntau rhiab heev rau thawj pem hauv ntej-illuminated versions nws muaj 11-micron pixels. Nrog rau QE boost thiab pixel loj, cov neeg siv khoom xav zoo li lawv muaj 3.5 x kom zoo dua.
Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv 2021 lub sub-electron nyeem suab nrov tau tawg nrog qee lub koob yees duab tau txais tsawg li 0.25 electrons - nws tag nrho rau EMCCD.
Los yog nws ...
Zoo, me ntsis ntawm qhov teeb meem tseem yog pixel loj. Ib zaug ntxiv koj tuaj yeem ua qhov koj xav tau optically tab sis ntawm tib lub kaw lus, 4.6-micron pixel sau 12 x lub teeb tsawg dua 16-micron ib.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tso rau hauv, tab sis nco ntsoov binning nrog ib txwm CMOS nce suab nrov los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm binning yam. Yog li cov neeg feem coob zoo siab nrog lawv cov 6.5-micron pixels xav tias lawv tuaj yeem khi lawv txoj hauv kev kom nkag siab, tab sis lawv tau ua ob npaug rau lawv cov suab nrov rau 3 electrons.
Txawm hais tias lub suab nrov tuaj yeem txo qis, qhov pixel loj, thiab tag nrho zoo rau qhov teeb meem, tseem yog kev sib haum xeeb rau kev sau cov teeb liab tiag.
Lwm qhov yog qhov nce thiab qhov sib piv - muaj ntau greys thiab chopping koj lub teeb liab me me ua rau qhov sib txawv zoo dua. Koj tuaj yeem muaj suab nrov zoo ib yam tab sis thaum koj pom tsuas yog 2 greys rau txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog CMOS koj tsis tau ua si ntau thaum koj tsuas muaj 5 electrons ntawm lub teeb liab.
Thaum kawg, ua li cas txog kev kaw? Qee lub sij hawm kuv xav tias peb tsis nco qab tias lub cuab yeej muaj zog npaum li cas hauv EMCCD: lub thoob ntiaj teb shutters ua tau tiag tiag pab tau thiab muaj lub teeb thiab ceev npaum li cas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj.
Lub koob yees duab sCMOS nkaus xwb kuv tau pom los txawm nyob ze rau 512 x 512 EMCCD sensor yog Aries 16. Qhov no pib nrog 16-micron pixels thiab xa 0.8 electrons ntawm kev nyeem suab nrov uas tsis tas yuav mus rau hauv. Rau cov cim ntawm saum toj no 5 photons (ib 16-micron pixel), kuv xav tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas kuv tau pom thiab txog ib nrab ntawm tus nqi.
Yog li EMCCD tuag? Tsis yog, thiab nws yuav tsis tuag tiag tiag kom txog thaum peb tau txais qee yam zoo dua. Qhov teeb meem yog, zoo, tag nrho cov teeb meem: tshaj suab nrov, nce aging, export tswj ...
Yog tias EMCCD thev naus laus zis yog dav hlau, nws yuav yog Concord. Txhua tus neeg uas ya nws hlub nws, tab sis tej zaum lawv yuav tsis xav tau thiab tam sim no nrog cov rooj zaum loj dua thiab cov txaj txaj - tsuas yog pw ntxiv 3 teev hla Atlantic.
EMCCD, tsis zoo li Concord, tseem muaj sia nyob vim qee tus neeg - ib qho me me, puas tsawg zuj zus - tseem xav tau. Los yog tej zaum lawv tsuas xav tias lawv ua?
Siv EMCCD, qhov kim tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj siv cov duab siv tshuab tsis ua rau koj tshwj xeeb, lossis tus kws tshaj lij duab - koj tsuas yog ua qee yam txawv. Thiab yog tias koj tsis tau sim hloov, ces tej zaum koj yuav tsum.
