25/08/12Txawm hais tias cov koob yees duab xim dominate cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, cov koob yees duab monochrome muaj ntau dua hauv cov duab tshawb fawb.
Lub koob yees duab sensors tsis muaj peev xwm ntes cov xim, lossis lub wavelength, ntawm lub teeb uas lawv khaws. Ua kom tiav cov duab xim yuav tsum muaj ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam hauv kev nkag siab zoo thiab spatial sampling. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau daim ntawv sau npe, xws li pathology, histology lossis qee qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam, cov ntaub ntawv xim yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog li cov koob yees duab kev tshawb fawb xim tseem yog qhov qub.
Kab lus no tshawb txog lub koob yees duab kev tshawb fawb xim dab tsi, lawv ua haujlwm li cas, lawv lub zog thiab kev txwv, thiab qhov twg lawv ua tau zoo dua lawv cov monochrome counterparts hauv kev siv science.
Cov koob yees duab Scientific Colour yog dab tsi?
Lub koob yees duab scientific xim yog ib qho khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv xim RGB nrog siab ncaj ncees, meej, thiab sib xws. Tsis zoo li cov neeg siv khoom-qib cov koob yees duab xim uas ua kom pom qhov pom kev pom zoo, cov koob yees duab xim tshawb fawb tau tsim los rau kev kos duab ntau qhov twg xim raug, sensor linearity, thiab dynamic ntau yam tseem ceeb heev.
Cov koob yees duab no tau siv dav hauv cov ntawv thov xws li brightfield microscopy, histology, cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas, thiab lub tshuab pom kev ua haujlwm uas qhov kev txhais lus pom lossis kev faib tawm xim yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov koob yees duab kev tshawb fawb xim feem ntau yog raws li CMOS lossis sCMOS sensors, tsim los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam.
Txhawm rau saib qhov tob ntawm cov duab sib txawv, tshawb xyuas peb cov kev xaiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siablub koob yees duab scientificcov qauv tsim rau cov ntawv thov kev tshaj lij.
Ua tiav Xim: Bayer Lim
Conventionally, kev kuaj pom xim hauv cov koob yees duab tau ua tiav los ntawm tib txoj kev zoo li cov xim luam tawm ntawm cov saib thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus: los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav nyob ze rau hauv cov xim 'superpixels'. Thaum R, G thiab B raws tag nrho ntawm lawv cov nqi siab tshaj plaws, pom cov pixel dawb.
Raws li cov koob yees duab silicon tsis tuaj yeem ntes cov wavelength ntawm photons tuaj, kev sib cais ntawm txhua R, G lossis B wavelength channel yuav tsum ua tiav los ntawm kev lim.
Hauv cov pixels liab, ib tus neeg lim tau muab tso rau hauv pixel los thaiv tag nrho cov wavelengths tab sis cov nyob rau hauv cov xim liab ntawm cov spectrum, thiab zoo li rau xiav thiab ntsuab. Txawm li cas los xij, kom ua tiav cov nplais square hauv ob qhov ntev txawm tias muaj peb txoj kab xim, lub superpixel yog tsim los ntawm ib qho liab, ib xiav thiab ob lub pixels ntsuab, raws li pom hauv daim duab.
Bayer lim layout rau cov koob yees duab xim
Nco tseg: Layout ntawm cov xim lim ntxiv rau ib tus pixels rau cov koob yees duab xim siv Bayer lim layout, siv rov ua square 4-pixel units ntawm Ntsuab, Liab, Xiav, Ntsuab pixels. Kev txiav txim hauv chav 4-pixel tuaj yeem sib txawv.
Ntsuab pixels yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo (los ntawm lub hnub mus rau cov LEDs dawb) nthuav tawm lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntsuab ib feem ntawm cov spectrum, thiab vim hais tias lub teeb ntes (los ntawm silicon-raws li lub koob yees duab sensors rau peb lub qhov muag) feem ntau ncov nyob rau hauv rhiab heev nyob rau hauv ntsuab.
Thaum nws los txog rau cov duab tsom xam thiab tso saib, txawm li cas los xij, cov duab tsis yog feem ntau xa mus rau cov neeg siv nrog pixels txhua qhov pom tsuas yog lawv tus nqi R, G lossis B. Tus nqi 3-channel RGB yog tsim rau txhua pixel ntawm lub koob yees duab, los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov pixels nyob ze, hauv cov txheej txheem hu ua 'debayering'.
Piv txwv li, txhua lub pixel liab yuav tsim kom muaj tus nqi ntsuab, xws li los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm plaub lub pixels ntsuab nyob ze, lossis los ntawm qee qhov algorithm, thiab zoo ib yam rau plaub lub xiav pixels ze ze.
Pros thiab Cons ntawm Xim
Pros
● Koj tuaj yeem pom nws xim! Xim qhia cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas txhim kho tib neeg kev txhais lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv roj ntsha lossis cov khoom siv.
● Ntau yam yooj yim dua los ntes RGB cov duab xim piv rau kev siv cov duab R, G, thiab B sib txuas siv lub koob yees duab monochrome
Cons
● Lub rhiab heev ntawm cov koob yees duab xim yog txo qis heev piv rau lawv cov monochrome counterparts, nyob ntawm wavelength. Nyob rau hauv liab thiab xiav ib feem ntawm lub spectrum, vim tsuas yog ib tug ntawm plaub pixel lim hla cov wavelengths, lub teeb sau yog nyob rau hauv feem ntau 25% ntawm ib tug sib npaug monochrome lub koob yees duab nyob rau hauv cov wavelengths. Hauv ntsuab, qhov tseem ceeb yog 50%. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj cov lim dej zoo tag nrho: qhov sib kis tau zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsawg dua 100%, thiab tej zaum yuav qis dua nyob ntawm qhov tseeb wavelength.
● Kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo kuj tseem phem dua, raws li cov qauv piv txwv raug txo los ntawm cov khoom qub no (rau 25% rau R, B thiab mus rau 50% rau G). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm liab pixels, tsuas yog 1 nyob rau hauv 4 pixels ntes lub teeb liab, qhov zoo pixel loj rau xam cov kev daws teeb meem yog 2x loj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov ntev.
● Cov koob yees duab xim kuj tseem suav nrog cov lim dej infrared (IR). Qhov no yog vim muaj peev xwm ntawm silicon koob yees duab los ntes qee qhov IR wavelengths pom tsis tau rau tib neeg lub qhov muag, los ntawm 700nm mus txog 1100nm. Yog tias lub teeb IR no tsis tau lim tawm, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov dawb tshuav, ua rau cov xim tsis raug, thiab cov duab tsim yuav tsis phim qhov pom ntawm qhov muag. Li no, lub teeb IR no yuav tsum tau lim tawm, txhais tau hais tias cov koob yees duab xim tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev siv duab, uas ua rau siv cov wavelengths.
Cov koob yees duab xim ua haujlwm li cas?
Piv txwv ntawm lub koob yees duab xim quantum efficiency nkhaus
Nco tseg: Wavelength dependence ntawm quantum efficiency qhia cais rau pixels nrog lub lim liab, xiav thiab ntsuab. Kuj pom yog quantum efficiency ntawm tib lub sensor tsis muaj xim lim. Ntxiv cov xim lim dej txo cov quantum efficiency.
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub koob yees duab xim scientific yog nws cov duab sensor, feem ntau aCMOS koob yees duab or sCMOS koob yees duab(scientific CMOS), nruab nrog Bayer lim. Lub workflow los ntawm photon capture mus rau cov duab tso zis muaj ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb:
1. Photon Detection: Lub teeb nkag mus rau lub lens thiab hits lub sensor. Txhua pixel yog rhiab rau ib lub wavelength tshwj xeeb raws li cov xim lim nws nqa.
2. Charge Conversion: Photons tsim ib qho hluav taws xob nqi hauv photodiode hauv qab txhua pixel.
3. Readout & Amplification: Cov nqi them raug hloov mus rau qhov hluav taws xob, nyeem cov kab ntawv los ntawm kab, thiab digitized los ntawm analog-rau-digital converters.
4. Xim Reconstruction: Lub koob yees duab lub onboard processor los yog lwm software interpolates tag nrho-xim duab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lim siv demosaicing algorithms.
5. Kev Kho Duab: Cov kauj ruam tom qab ua tiav zoo li kev kho qhov tiaj tiaj, tshuav dawb, thiab txo cov suab nrov yog siv los xyuas kom meej cov zis tawm.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub koob yees duab xim yog nyob ntawm nws cov cuab yeej sensor. Niaj hnub nimno CMOS lub koob yees duab sensors muab cov ncej ceev ceev thiab lub suab qis, thaum sCMOS sensors tau ua kom zoo rau lub teeb qis thiab qhov dav dav, qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb. Cov txheej txheem no tau teeb tsa theem rau kev sib piv cov xim thiab cov koob yees duab monochrome.
Lub koob yees duab xim vs. Monochrome koob yees duab: Qhov txawv tseem ceeb
Kev sib piv ntawm cov xim thiab monochrome lub koob yees duab duab rau kev ua haujlwm qis
Nco tseg: Cov duab fluorescent nrog liab wavelength emission pom los ntawm lub koob yees duab xim (sab laug) thiab lub koob yees duab monochrome (txoj cai), nrog rau lwm lub koob yees duab specifications tseem zoo ib yam. Cov duab xim qhia tau hais tias qis dua cov teeb liab-rau- suab nrov piv thiab kev daws teeb meem.
Thaum ob lub koob yees duab xim thiab monochrome sib koom ntau yam, lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv cov rooj plaub yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nov yog qhov sib piv ceev:
| Feature | Xim lub koob yees duab | Monochrome koob yees duab |
| Hom Sensor | Bayer-filtered CMOS/sCMOS | Unfiltered CMOS/sCMOS |
| Lub teeb rhiab heev | Lower (vim cov xim lim thaiv lub teeb) | Siab dua (tsis muaj lub teeb poob rau cov lim dej) |
| Spatial daws teeb meem | Kev daws teeb meem qis dua (demosaicing) | Full haiv neeg daws teeb meem |
| Ideal Applications | Brightfield microscopy, histology, tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv | Fluorescence, low-light duab, high-precision ntsuas |
| Cov ntaub ntawv xim | Captures tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv RGB | Captures greyscale nkaus xwb |
Hauv luv luv, cov koob yees duab xim yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum xim teeb meem rau kev txhais lossis kev tsom xam, thaum lub koob yees duab monochrome yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev nkag siab thiab raug.
Qhov twg Xim Lub Koob Yees Duab Excel hauv Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Tshawb Fawb
Txawm hais tias lawv cov kev txwv, cov koob yees duab xim zoo dua hauv ntau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb uas qhov sib txawv xim yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv qab no yog ob peb yam piv txwv ntawm qhov chaw lawv ci:
Life Sciences thiab Microscopy
Cov koob yees duab xim yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv brightfield microscopy, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv histological tsom xam. Cov txheej txheem staining xws li H&E lossis Gram staining tsim cov xim sib txawv uas tsuas yog txhais tau nrog RGB duab. Cov chaw kuaj mob kev kawm thiab cov chaw saib xyuas kab mob kuj tso siab rau cov koob yees duab xim los ntes cov duab tiag tiag ntawm cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg rau kev qhia lossis kev siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.
Materials Science thiab Surface Analysis
Hauv kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv, xim duab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas corrosion, oxidation, coatings, thiab cov khoom ciam teb. Cov koob yees duab xim pab txheeb xyuas qhov hloov pauv hloov maj mam hauv qhov chaw tiav lossis qhov tsis xws luag uas cov duab monochrome yuav plam. Piv txwv li, kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw lossis cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Circuit Court feem ntau xav tau cov xim zoo nkauj.
Machine Vision thiab Automation
Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tsis siv neeg, cov koob yees duab xim yog siv rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom, kuaj pom qhov tsis xws luag, thiab kev txheeb xyuas daim ntawv lo. Lawv tso cai rau lub tshuab tsis pom kev algorithms los faib cov khoom lossis cov khoom raws li cov xim cues, txhim kho automation raug hauv kev tsim khoom.
Kev Kawm Ntawv, Cov Ntaub Ntawv, thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm
Cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb feem ntau xav tau cov duab zoo nkauj rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm, muab cov lus pom zoo, thiab nthuav tawm. Cov duab xim muab qhov kev xav paub ntau dua thiab pom qhov pom kev sawv cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev sib txuas lus lossis kev koom tes rau pej xeem.
Kev xav zaum kawg
Cov koob yees duab kev tshawb fawb xim xim ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ua haujlwm uas cov xim sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias lawv yuav tsis phim lub koob yees duab monochrome hauv qhov rhiab heev lossis kev daws teeb meem nyoos, lawv lub peev xwm los xa cov duab zoo nkauj, txhais tau tias ua rau lawv tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw xws li kev tshawb fawb txog lub neej mus rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.
Thaum xaiv ntawm cov xim thiab monochrome, xav txog koj cov hom phiaj duab. Yog tias koj daim ntawv thov xav tau kev ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj teeb pom kev zoo, siab rhiab heev, lossis kuaj pom fluorescence, lub koob yees duab monochrome scientific tej zaum yuav yog koj qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Tab sis rau cov duab ci ntsa iab, kev tsom xam cov khoom siv, lossis ib qho haujlwm uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv xim xim, xim xim yuav zoo tagnrho.
Txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav cov xim zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, tshawb xyuas peb cov kab ke ntawm cov koob yees duab CMOS ua haujlwm siab thiab sCMOS qauv tsim raws li koj xav tau.
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