25.08.15Nyob rau hauv scientific imaging, precision yog txhua yam. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom ntes cov teeb liab fluorescence qis lossis taug qab cov khoom faint celestial, koj lub koob yees duab lub peev xwm los ntes lub teeb ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm koj cov txiaj ntsig. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tab sis feem ntau tsis to taub, yam hauv qhov sib npaug no yog quantum efficiency (QE).
Phau ntawv qhia no yuav qhia koj txog qhov QE yog dab tsi, vim li cas nws tseem ceeb, txhais QE specifications li cas, thiab nws piv li cas ntawm hom sensor. Yog tias koj nyob hauv khw rau iblub koob yees duab scientificlos yog tsuas yog sim ua kom nkag siab ntawm lub koob yees duab datasheets, qhov no yog rau koj.
Daim duab: Tucsen raug lub koob yees duab QE nkhaus piv txwv
(a)ib 6510(b)Dhyana 6060BSI(c)Libra 22
Quantum Efficiency yog dab tsi?
Quantum Efficiency yog qhov ua tau ntawm photon uas ncav cuag lub koob yees duab sensor tiag tiag raug kuaj pom, thiab tso tawm cov duab hluav taws xob hauv silicon.
Ntawm ntau theem hauv photon txoj kev taug mus rau qhov no, muaj cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem nqus tau photons los yog cuam tshuam rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj cov khoom siv yog 100% pob tshab rau txhua qhov photon wavelength, ntxiv rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj lub caij nyoog ntawm kev xav lossis tawg paj.
Qhia tawm raws li feem pua, quantum efficiency yog txhais raws li:
QE (%) = (Number of electrons generated / Number of events photons) × 100
Muaj ob hom loj:
●Sab nraud QE: Ntsuas kev ua tau zoo nrog rau cov teebmeem xws li kev xav thiab kev sib kis.
●Internal QE: Ntsuas conversion efficiency nyob rau hauv lub sensor nws tus kheej, piv txwv li tag nrho cov photons yog absorbed.
QE siab dua txhais tau hais tias lub teeb pom kev zoo dua thiab cov duab muaj zog dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem qis lossis photon txwv.
Vim li cas Quantum Efficiency tseem ceeb hauv cov koob yees duab tshawb fawb?
Hauv kev yees duab, nws yeej ib txwm pab tau kom ntes cov feem pua ntawm cov photons tuaj yeem ua tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov xav tau siab.
Txawm li cas los xij, high quantum efficiency sensors yuav kim dua. Qhov no yog vim qhov kev sib tw engineering ntawm kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thaum tswj kev ua haujlwm pixel, thiab kuj yog vim muaj cov txheej txheem rov qab teeb pom kev zoo. Cov txheej txheem no, raws li koj yuav kawm, ua rau lub siab tshaj plaws quantum efficiencies - tab sis nws los nrog kev tsim khoom nyuaj heev.
Zoo li txhua lub koob yees duab specifications, qhov kev xav tau ntawm quantum efficiency yuav tsum ib txwm hnyav rau lwm yam rau koj daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, kev qhia lub ntiaj teb shutter tuaj yeem coj qhov zoo rau ntau daim ntawv thov, tab sis feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm BI sensor. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib qho ntxiv transistor rau pixel. Qhov no tuaj yeem txo qhov ua tau zoo thiab yog li quantum efficiency, txawm tias piv rau lwm cov FI sensors.
Piv txwv cov ntawv thov uas QE tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb
Qee qhov kev siv piv txwv:
● Tsis tshua muaj teeb pom kev zoo & fluorescence imaging ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis ruaj khov
● Cov duab ceev ceev
● Quantitative daim ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau high precision siv ntsuas
QE los ntawm Sensor Hom
Cov duab sib txawv ntawm cov duab sensor technologies nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv quantum efficiencies. Nov yog li cas QE feem ntau sib piv thoob plaws hom sensor loj:
CCD (Chaw-Coupled Device)
Ib txwm nyiam cov duab tshawb fawb rau lawv lub suab qis thiab QE siab, feem ntau nce siab ntawm 70-90%. CCDs ua tau zoo hauv cov ntawv thov xws li astronomy thiab cov duab pom ntev.
CMOS (Complementary Hlau-Oxide-Semiconductor)
Ib zaug txwv los ntawm QE qis dua thiab nyeem cov suab nrov dua, niaj hnub CMOS sensors-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rov qab-illuminated designs-tau ntes tau ntau heev. Ntau tam sim no mus txog qhov siab tshaj QE qhov tseem ceeb tshaj 80%, muab kev ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov ncej nrawm dua thiab txo qis zog siv.
Tshawb nrhiav peb qhov kev tshaj lijCMOS koob yees duabqauv kom pom deb npaum li cas cov tshuab no tau tuaj, zoo liTucsen's Libra 3405M sCMOS Lub Koob Yees Duab, lub koob yees duab scientific high-rhiab heev tsim los rau kev thov rau kev siv lub teeb qis.
sCMOS (Scientific CMOS)
Ib chav kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm CMOS tsim los rau kev tshawb fawb pom,sCMOS koob yees duabthev naus laus zis ua ke nrog QE siab (feem ntau 70-95%) nrog lub suab qis, siab zog ntau, thiab tau txais ceev ceev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev yees duab nyob hauv xov tooj, kev siv tshuab microscopy ceev, thiab ntau lub fluorescence.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Nyeem Quantum Efficiency Curve
Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau tshaj tawm QE nkhaus uas ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig (%) hla wavelengths (nm). Cov nkhaus no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab seb lub koob yees duab ua haujlwm li cas hauv cov spectral tshwj xeeb.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los nrhiav:
●Peak QE: Qhov siab tshaj plaws efficiency, feem ntau nyob rau hauv 500-600 nm ntau yam (lub teeb ntsuab).
●Wavelength Range: Lub qhov rais spectral siv tau qhov twg QE tseem nyob saum qhov pib muaj txiaj ntsig (xws li,> 20%).
●Nroj tsuag tawm tsam: QE nyiam poob rau hauv cheeb tsam UV (<400 nm) thiab NIR (> 800 nm) cheeb tsam.
Kev txhais cov nkhaus no pab koj phim lub sensor lub zog nrog koj daim ntawv thov, txawm tias koj nyob nraum imaging nyob rau hauv lub pom spectrum, ze-infrared, los yog UV.
Wavelength Dependence ntawm Quantum Efficiency
Daim duab: QE nkhaus qhia qhov tseem ceeb rau pem hauv ntej- & rov qab-illuminated silicon-raws li sensors
Nco tseg: Daim duab qhia tau tias yuav muaj kev tshawb pom photon (quantum efficiency, %) piv rau photon wavelength rau plaub lub koob yees duab piv txwv. Txawv sensor variants thiab coatings tuaj yeem hloov cov nkhaus no heev
Quantum efficiency yog siab wavelength nyob ntawm seb, raws li qhia hauv daim duab. Feem ntau ntawm silicon-raws li lub koob yees duab sensors nthuav tawm lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm quantum hauv qhov pom ntawm cov spectrum, feem ntau nyob rau thaj tsam ntsuab mus rau daj, los ntawm ib ncig ntawm 490nm txog 600nm. QE nkhaus tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem sensor thiab cov khoom sib txawv los muab qhov siab QE nyob ib ncig ntawm 300nm hauv ultra-violet (UV), nyob ib ncig ntawm 850nm nyob ze infrared (NIR), thiab ntau txoj kev xaiv ntawm.
Txhua lub koob yees duab silicon pom qhov poob ntawm quantum efficiency ntawm 1100nm, uas photons tsis muaj zog txaus los tso tawm photoelectrons. UV kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub muaj teeb meem hauv cov sensors nrog microlenses lossis UV-thaiv qhov rais iav, uas txwv tsis pub lub teeb luv luv los ntawm kev ncav cuag lub sensor.
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm, QE curves tsis tshua muaj kev sib tw thiab txawm tias, thiab feem ntau suav nrog cov ncov me me thiab cov troughs tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov pob tshab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas pixel yog tsim los ntawm.
Hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau UV lossis NIR rhiab heev, xav txog quantum efficiency curves tuaj yeem ua qhov tseem ceeb dua, xws li hauv qee lub koob yees duab quantum efficiency yuav ua tau ntau zaus ntau dua li lwm tus ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov nkhaus.
X-ray Sensitivity
Qee lub koob yees duab silicon tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qhov pom lub teeb ntawm lub spectrum, thaum tseem muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qee qhov wavelengths ntawm X-rays. Txawm li cas los xij, cov koob yees duab feem ntau xav tau kev tsim vaj tsev tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv ob qho tib si nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm X-rays rau lub koob yees duab hluav taws xob, thiab nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev feem ntau siv rau kev sim X-ray.
Cov koob yees duab infrared
Thaum kawg, cov sensors raws li tsis yog silicon tab sis ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv QE nkhaus. Piv txwv li, InGaAs cov koob yees duab infrared, raws li Indium Gallium Arsenide nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm silicon, tuaj yeem ntes cov kab dav dav hauv NIR, mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ib ncig ntawm 2700nm, nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sensor.
Quantum Efficiency vs. Lwm Lub Koob Yees Duab Specs
Quantum efficiency yog qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tsis ua haujlwm hauv kev sib cais. Nov yog yuav ua li cas nws cuam tshuam rau lwm yam tseem ceeb lub koob yees duab specifications:
QE vs. Sensitivity
rhiab heev yog lub koob yees duab lub peev xwm los ntes faint signals. QE txhawb ncaj qha rau rhiab heev, tab sis lwm yam xws li pixel loj, nyeem suab nrov, thiab tam sim no tsaus ntuj kuj ua lub luag haujlwm.
QE vs. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
QE siab dua txhim kho SNR los ntawm kev tsim cov teeb liab ntau dua (electrons) ib photon. Tab sis ntau lub suab nrov, vim yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo lossis tsis txaus cua txias, tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab tsis zoo.
QE vs. Dynamic Range
Thaum QE cuam tshuam qhov teeb pom kev ntau npaum li cas, dynamic ntau yam piav qhia txog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab thiab tsaus tshaj plaws uas lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem ua tau. Lub koob yees duab QE siab nrog cov tsis zoo dynamic ntau tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig subpar hauv qhov sib txawv siab.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, quantum efficiency yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis ib txwm soj ntsuam nws nrog rau ntxiv specs.
Dab tsi yog "Zoo" Quantum Efficiency?
Tsis muaj universal "zoo tshaj" QE - nws nyob ntawm koj daim ntawv thov. Uas tau hais tias, ntawm no yog cov qauv ntsuas dav dav:
| QE Range | Qib Kev Ua Haujlwm | Siv Cases |
| <40% | Tsawg | Tsis zoo tagnrho rau kev siv scientific |
| 40-60% | Nruab nrab | Nkag-theem scientific applications |
| 60-80% | Zoo | Haum rau feem ntau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm |
| 80-95% | Zoo heev | Tsawg-teeb, siab-precision, los yog photon-limited duab |
Tsis tas li, xav txog qhov siab tshaj QE vs QE nruab nrab ntawm koj qhov kev xav tau ntau yam.
Xaus
Quantum efficiency yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tseem tsis tau pom dua, yam tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom ntsuas CCDs, sCMOS koob yees duab, lossis CMOS koob yees duab, kev nkag siab QE pab koj:
● Txheeb xyuas seb koj lub koob yees duab yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb teeb pom kev zoo
● Sib piv cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj li kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam
● Sib phim lub koob yees duab specs nrog koj cov kev xav tau kev tshawb fawb
Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis nce qib, niaj hnub no lub koob yees duab kev tshawb fawb qib siab QE muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws rhiab heev thiab ntau yam thoob plaws ntau yam kev siv. Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem npaum li cas cov cuab yeej kho vajtse, xaiv cov cuab yeej zoo pib nrog kev nkag siab tias quantum efficiency haum rau hauv daim duab loj dua.
FAQs
Puas yog quantum efficiency ib txwm zoo dua hauv lub koob yees duab kev tshawb fawb?
Kev ua haujlwm siab dua quantum (QE) feem ntau txhim kho lub koob yees duab lub peev xwm los ntsuas qhov qis qis, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov ntawv thov xws li fluorescence microscopy, astronomy, thiab ib leeg-molecule imaging. Txawm li cas los xij, QE tsuas yog ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib luag. Lub koob yees duab siab-QE nrog cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev nyeem ntawv siab, lossis tsis txaus cua txias kuj tseem tuaj yeem xa cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, ib txwm ntsuas QE ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li suab nrov, qhov tob me ntsis, thiab sensor architecture.
Yuav ntsuas quantum efficiency li cas?
Quantum efficiency yog ntsuas los ntawm illuminating ib tug sensor nrog ib tug paub tus naj npawb ntawm photons ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb wavelength thiab ces suav cov xov tooj ntawm electrons generated los ntawm lub sensor. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua tiav siv lub teeb pom kev zoo monochromatic thiab siv photodiode. Qhov txiaj ntsig QE yog npaj hla lub wavelengths los tsim QE nkhaus. Qhov no pab txiav txim siab lub sensor lub spectral teb, tseem ceeb rau kev sib piv lub koob yees duab rau koj daim ntawv thov lub teeb los yog emission range.
Cov software lossis cov ntxaij lim dej sab nraud tuaj yeem txhim kho quantum efficiency?
Tsis yog. Quantum Efficiency yog ib qho khoom siv sab hauv, kho vajtse qib ntawm cov duab sensor thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm software lossis lwm yam khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntxaij lim dej tuaj yeem txhim kho tag nrho cov duab zoo los ntawm kev txhim kho cov teeb liab-rau- suab nrov piv (xws li, siv cov ntxaij lim dej emissions hauv daim ntawv thov fluorescence), thiab software tuaj yeem pab txo suab nrov lossis ua haujlwm tom qab. Tseem, cov no tsis hloov tus nqi QE nws tus kheej.
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