25/08/20Paunenge uchiongorora kamera yesainzi, tekinoroji yakatarwa inogona kuwanda - pixel saizi, quantum kunyatsoita, simba renji, nezvimwe. Pakati peaya mafungidziro, kudzika zvishoma ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha pakuona kuti ingani ruzivo kamera yako inogona kutora uye kuti inomiririra zvakadii ruzivo rwakanaka.
Mukufungidzira kwesainzi, uko kusiyanisa kusinganzwisisike mukupenya kunogona kumiririra data rakakosha, kunzwisisa kudzika kudiki hakusi sarudzo - kwakakosha.
Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura kuti kudzika chii, maitiro azvinoita kunaka kwemufananidzo, basa rayo mukurongeka kwedata, uye nzira yekusarudza kudzika kwakaringana kwekushandisa kwako.
Bit Kudzika: Iyo Yakakura YeGrey Level Count mumufananidzo Pixel
Paunenge uchishanda nekamera yesainzi, kudzika zvishoma kunotsanangura kuti mangani akasiyana ehukuru hwemapikisi anogona kurekodha. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti mukufungidzira kwesainzi, kukosha kwepixel yega yega kunogona kuenderana nechiyero chakayerwa, senge photon count kana fluorescence intensity.
Kudzika zvishoma kunoratidza nhamba ye 'bits' yebhinari yedhijitari data inoshandiswa nepixel yega yega kuchengetedza kukosha kwekusimba, uko mabhiti masere anoumba imwe byte. Iyo yakanyanya grey level value inopiwa ne:
Yakanyanya grey mazinga = 2 ^ (Bit kudzika)
Semuyenzaniso:
● 8-bit = 256 mazinga
● 12-bit = 4,096 mazinga
● 16-bit = 65,536 mazinga
Mamwe mazinga egrey anobvumira kupenya kwakajeka uye kumiririra kwakaringana kwemisiyano isina kujeka, iyo inogona kuve yakakosha pakuyera masaini asina kupera kana kuita ongororo yehuwandu.
Kudzika zvishoma uye kumhanya
Kuwedzera kudzika kunoreva kuti analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) inofanira kuburitsa mamwe mabhiti pachiyero. Izvi zvinowanzoda kuti vaderedze zviyero zvavo pasekondi yega yega - kureva, kuderedza chiyero chemera yekamera.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vakawandamakamera esainziinopa maitiro maviri ekutora:
● High bit kudzika modhi - Izvi zvinowanzopa yakakwirira dynamic renji. Inoisa pamberi tonal resolution uye ine simba renji yezvishandiso senge fluorescence microscopy kana spectroscopy.
● High-speed mode - Izvi zvinoderedza kudzika zvishoma kuitira kukurumidza kukurumidza kwemafuremu, izvo zvakakosha pazviitiko zvinokurumidza mukufungidzira kwepamusoro-soro.
Kuziva kutengeserana uku kunobatsira kuti usarudze modhi inoenderana nezvinangwa zvako zvekufungidzira - kurongeka maringe nekugadzirisa kwechinguvana.
Bit kudzika uye dynamic range
Zvakajairika kuvhiringa kudzika kudiki neine simba renji, asi hazvina kufanana. Kudzika kweBit kunotsanangura huwandu hweanobvira kupenya mwero, nepo dynamic range ichitsanangura reshiyo pakati pezvisina kusimba uye zvinopenya zvakanyanya zvinoonekwa.
Hukama huri pakati pezviviri izvi hunoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu senge kamera kuwana marongero uye ruzha rwekuverenga. Sezvineiwo, dynamic range inogona kuratidzwa mu "effective bits," zvichireva kuti kuita ruzha kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwemabhiti anobatsira kune inogona kushandiswa data data.
Kusarudzwa kwekamera, izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unofanirwa kuongorora zvese kudzika uye kusimba renji pamwe chete pane kungofunga kuti imwe inotsanangura imwe zvizere.
Iwo mabheti ekuchengetedza data anodiwa pane kamera furemu (pasina kudzvanywa) anogona kuverengerwa se:
Kuchengetedza data
Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mafomu efaira - seTIFF - chengetedza 9- kusvika 16-bit data mukati me16-bit "wrapper". Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange kana mufananidzo wako uchingoshandisa 12 bits, chitsiko chekuchengetedza chinogona kunge chakafanana nemufananidzo wakazara we16-bit.
Kune maLab anobata maseti makuru, izvi zvine zvazvinoreva: yakakwira bit kudzika mifananidzo inoda yakawanda dhisiki nzvimbo, nguva refu yekufambisa, uye yakawanda komputa simba rekugadzirisa. Kuenzanisa chaiko kunodiwa nedata manejimendi simba kwakakosha pakufamba kwakanaka.
Iyo Bit Kudzika Kunobata sei Hunhu Hwemufananidzo
Mufananidzo: Mienzaniso yakadzika zvishoma
CHERECHEDZA: Mufananidzo wepfungwa yekudzika zvishoma. Kudzikisa kudzika zvishoma kunoderedza kuwanda kwematanho ekusimba anogona kushandiswa kuratidza mufananidzo.
Kudzika zvishoma kune kwakananga kune akati wandei maficha emhando yemufananidzo mune yesainzi kamera.
Dynamic Range
Kudzika kwepamusoro kunobata mamwe mazinga ekupenya, kuchengetedza ruzivo mumimvuri uye makwikwi.
Semuyenzaniso, mufluorescence microscopy, dim maficha anogona kunge asinganyatso kuoneka mumufananidzo we8-bit asi akanyanya kusiyanisa mukutora 16-bit.
Smoother Tonal Gradations
Kudzika kwepamusoro zvishoma kunobvumira shanduko yakatsetseka pakati pemazinga ekupenya, kudzivirira "kusunga" mumagradient. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha muhuwandu hwekuongorora, apo kusvetuka kwechimbichimbi kunogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Representation
Nepo kudzika kusingawedzere zvakananga sensor's SNR, inoita kuti kamera inyatso kumiririra zvisizvo masioni akasiyana pamusoro peiyo ruzha pasi.
Kana iyo sensor's SNR yakadzikira pane chigadziriso chinopihwa nekudzika zvishoma, iwo mamwe mabheti anogona kusapira kune chaiwo emhando yemufananidzo - chinhu chekuchengeta mupfungwa.
Muenzaniso:
●8-bit mufananidzo: Mimvuri inobatanidza, zvimiro zvisina kusimba zvinonyangarika, uye zvidiki shanduko dzinorasika.
●16-bit mufananidzo: Gradations inoenderera mberi, zvimiro zvisina simba zvinochengetedzwa, uye zviyero zvehuwandu zvinovimbika zvakanyanya.
Bit Kudzika uye Kurongeka kweData muScientific Imaging
Mukufungidzira kwesainzi, mufananidzo hausi mufananidzo chete - idata. Ukoshi hwepixel hwega hwega hunogona kuenderana nehuwandu hunoyerwa, senge photon count, fluorescence intensity, kana simba rekuona.
Kudzika kwepamusoro zvishoma kunoderedza quantization kukanganisa - iyo yekutenderedza-kukanganisa kukanganisa kunoitika kana chiratidzo cheanalogi chikaiswa mudhijitari mazinga. Nemamwe mazinga aripo, kukosha kwedhijitari kwakagoverwa pixel zvakanyanya kuenderana neiyo chaiyo analogi siginecha.
Nei izvi zvichikosha
● Mumaikorosikopu yefluorescence, nhanho imwe-nhanho mukupenya ingamiririra shanduko ine mutsindo mukuwanda kweprotein.
● Muruzivo rwemitumbi yomudenga, masaini asina kujeka anobva kunyeredzi dziri kure kana kuti kumapoka enyeredzi anogona kurasika kana kudzika kwacho kwakadzikira.
● Muchitarisiko chemaziso, kudzika kwepamusoro-soro kunovimbisa kunyatsoyera kuyerwa kwekunyura kana kuburitsa.
Kamera ye sCMOS ine 16-bit inobuda inogona kurekodha misiyano isingaonekwi mune yakadzika zvishoma-yakadzika sisitimu, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha kune maapplication anoda kuwanda kwehuwandu.
Yakawanda Sei Yakadzama Bit Yaunoda?
Mazhinji maapplication anoda ese ari maviri epamusoro masaini mazinga uye yakakwirira simba renji, mune iyo yakakwira bit kudzika (14-bit, 16-bit kana kupfuura) inogona kubatsira.
Kazhinji nekufungidzira kwechiedza chakaderera, zvisinei, kudzika kuri kuwanikwa kunopa kukwirisa kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kunosvikwa kazhinji. Kunyanya kune 16-bit makamera, kunze kwekunge iyo pfuma yakanyanya kukwirira, iyo yakazara 16-bit renji haiwanzodikanwa.
Makamera ekumhanya-mhanya kana modhi dzekamera dzinogona kungoita 8-bit, izvo zvinogona kuve zvakanyanya kudzikisira, kunyangwe mamhanyiro epamusoro ayo 8-bit modes anogona kugonesa kazhinji anoita kuti kutengeserana kuve kwakakosha. Vagadziri vekamera vanogona kuwedzera kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kwe8-bit modhi kuti igone kurarama neyakajairwa masiginecha mazinga eakasiyana ekufungidzira maapplication kuburikidza neinoshanduka yekuwana marongero.
Kusarudza iyo Yakarurama Bit Kudzika Kwekushandisa Kwako
Heino chirevo chekukurumidza chekufananidza kudzika kune zvakajairwa zvekufungidzira zvesainzi:
| Application | Yakakurudzirwa Bit Depth | Chikonzero |
| Fluorescence Microscopy | 16-bit | Ziva zviratidzo zvisina kusimba uye misiyano isinganzwisisike yekusimba |
| Astronomy Imaging | 14-16-bit | Bata high dynamic range mumamiriro epasi-light |
| Industrial Inspection | 12-14-bit | Ziva zvirema zvidiki nekujeka |
| General Documentation | 8-bit | Zvakakwana kune zvisiri zvehuwandu |
| Spectroscopy | 16-bit | Chengetedza misiyano yakanaka mune spectral data |
Trade-offs:
●Kudzika kwepamusoro= zvirinani kugadzirisa tonal uye kurongeka, asi mafaera makuru uye nguva refu yekugadzirisa.
●Kudzika zvishoma= kukurumidza kutora uye madiki mafaera, asi njodzi yekurasikirwa neakavanzika ruzivo.
Bit Depth vs Mamwe Kamera Madiro
Nepo kudzika zvishoma kwakakosha, ingori chidimbu chimwe chete chepuzzle pakusarudza kamera yesainzi.
Sensor Type (CCD vs CMOS vs sCMOS)
● Different sensor architectures ane ruzha rwekuverenga rwakasiyana, dynamic range, uye quantum kunyatsoita. Semuyenzaniso, yakakwira-bit-yakadzika sensor ine hurombo hwehuwandu hwehuwandu inogona kuramba ichinetseka mukushomeka kwechiedza.
Quantum Kubudirira (QE)
● QE inotsanangura kuti sensor inoshandura sei mafotoni kuita maerekitironi. Yakakwira QE yakakosha pakubata masaini asina kusimba, uye kana yapetwa nekudzika kwakaringana zvishoma, inowedzera huchokwadi hwedata.
Dynamic Range
● Kuchinja kwekamera kunotara nguva iri pakati pemasaini asina kusimba uye akajeka zvikuru ainokwanisa kutora panguva imwe chete. Yepamusoro dynamic renji inonyanya kubatsira kana ichifananidzwa nehudzamu hunokwanisa kumiririra iwo mazinga ekupenya.
Cherechedza:
Kudzika kwepamusoro hakuzogadzirise mhando yemufananidzo kana mamwe masystem (seruzha kana optics) ari iwo chaiwo mabhodhoro.
Semuenzaniso, 8-bit kamera ine ruzha rwakadzika kwazvo inogona kukunda ine ruzha 16-bit system mune mamwe maapplication.
Mhedziso
Mukufungidzira kwesainzi, kudzika zvishoma kunopfuura kutsanangurwa kwehunyanzvi - chinhu chakakosha mukutora data rakarurama, rakavimbika.
Kubva pakuona zvimiro zvisina kusimba mumicroscope kusvika kurekodha magalaxi ari kure mune zvemuchadenga, kudzika kwekurudyi kunovimbisa kuti kamera yako yesainzi inochengetedza ruzivo uye zviyero zvinoenderana netsvakiridzo yako.
Pakusarudza kamera:
1. Matanidza kudzika kudiki kune yako chaiyo yekushandisa zvinodiwa.
2. Zvifunge pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakakosha zvakada kufanana nequantum kunyatsoita, ruzha, uye dynamic range.
3. Yeuka kuti yakakwirira bit kudzika kunonyanya kukosha apo hurongwa hwako anogona kutora mukana nazvo.
Kana uchitsvaga aCMOS kamera orsCMOS kamerayakagadzirirwa kufungidzira kwesainzi kwakadzama, ongorora mhando dzedu dzemhando dzakagadzirwa nemazvo, kuvimbika, uye huchokwadi hwedata.
FAQs
Ndeupi musiyano unoshanda pakati pe12-bit, 14-bit, uye 16-bit mukufungidzira kwesainzi?
Mukutaura, kusvetuka kubva pa12-bit (4,096 mazinga) kuenda ku14-bit (16,384 mazinga) uyezve kusvika ku16-bit (65,536 mazinga) kunobvumira kune zvishoma nezvishoma kusarura pakati pekupenya kukosha.
● 12-bit inokwana kune akawanda maindasitiri uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uko kuvhenekera kunodzorwa zvakanaka.
● 14-bit inopa chiyero chakanaka chechokwadi uye chinogadziriswa saizi yefaira, yakanakira kuwanda kwema laboratory workflows.
● 16-bit inokunda mu-low-light, high-dynamic-range scenarios yakadai sefluorescence microscopy kana astronomical imaging, uko kukwanisa kunyora zviratidzo zvisina simba pasina kurasikirwa nemashoko akajeka kwakakosha.
Nekudaro, yeuka kuti kamera sensor ruzha uye inoshanduka renji inofanirwa kunge yakanaka zvakakwana kushandisa iwo ekuwedzera tonal matanho - zvikasadaro, mabhenefiti anogona kusaitika.
Kudzika kwebhiti kwakakwirira kunogara kuchikonzera mifananidzo iri nani here?
Kwete zvoga. Bit kudzika kunotaridza zvingangoita tonal resolution, asi chaiyo mhando yemufananidzo inoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu, zvinosanganisira:
● Sensor senitivity (quantum performance)
● Ruzha rwekuverenga
● Optics unhu
● Kugadzikana kwechiedza
Semuyenzaniso, 16-bit CMOS kamera yakakwira-ruzha inogona kutora isina ruzivo rwakakosha pane yakaderera-ruzha 12-bit sCMOS kamera mune mamwe mamiriro. Mune mamwe mazwi, kudzika kwepamusoro kunobatsira zvakanyanya kana yakapetwa neyakagadziridzwa yekufungidzira system.
Ndinogona here kudzikisa kubva pamufananidzo wakadzika-bit pasina kurasikirwa nedata rakakosha?
Hongu - muchokwadi, ichi chiitiko chakajairika. Kubata pakadzika bhiti kudzika kunokupa kuchinjika kwemashure-kugadzirisa uye ongororo yehuwandu. Iwe unogona gare gare sampuli kusvika ku8-bit yekuratidzira kana kuchengetedza, uchichengeta mhinduro yekuongorora pasina kuchengeta yakazara dataset. Ingoita chokwadi chekuti mafaira ekutanga-akadzika-akadzama akachengetwa pane imwe nzvimbo kana kuongororwazve kungadikanwa.
Ndeipi basa rinoitwa biti kudzika mukuyera kwesainzi kuyerwa?
Muhuwandu hwekufungidzira, kudzika kudiki kunopesvedzera zvakananga sei mapixel kukosha anomiririra chaiyo-yepasirese chiratidzo kusimba. Izvi zvakakosha kune:
● Microscopy - Kuyera fluorescence intensity shanduko padanho remasero.
● Spectroscopy - Kuona kushanduka kusinganzwisisike mumitsara yekutora / kubuda.
● Astronomy - Kurekodha zviedza zvisina kusimba pamusoro pekuratidzwa kwenguva refu.
Muzviitiko izvi, kusakwana kudzika kudiki kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kutenderedza kana kuchekesa chiratidzo, zvichitungamira mukududzirwa kwedata kusiri iko.
Unoda kudzidza zvakawanda? Tarisa uone zvinyorwa zvinoenderana:
[Dynamic Range] - Chii chinonzi Dynamic Range?
Quantum Kubudirira muScientific Camera: A Beginner's Guide
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Kodzero dzese dzakachengetwa. Paunenge uchitaura, ndapota bvuma kwakabva:www.tucsen.com
