25/08/12Kunyangwe makamera eruvara achitonga musika wekamera yevatengi, monochrome makamera akajairika mukufungidzira kwesainzi.
Masensa ekamera haakwanisi kuona ruvara, kana kureba kwechiedza chaanounganidza. Kuwana mufananidzo weruvara kunoda huwandu hwekukanganisika mukunzwa uye spatial sampling. Nekudaro, mune akawanda ekufungidzira maapplication, senge pathology, histology kana kumwe kuongorora kwemaindasitiri, ruzivo rwemavara rwakakosha, saka makamera esainzi eruvara achiri akajairika.
Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora kuti makamera esainzi ane ruvara rwakaita sei, mashandisiro aanoita, simba rawo uye zvaasingakwanisi, uye kwaanoita kupfuura vamwe vavo vemonochrome mumashandisirwo esainzi.
Chii Chinonzi Color Scientific Cameras?
Kamera yesainzi yeruvara inyanzvi yekufungidzira inobata RGB ruzivo rwemavara nekuvimbika kwepamusoro, kunyatsojeka, uye kuenderana. Kusiyana nevatengi-giredhi remavara makamera anoisa pamberi kukwezva kwekuona, esainzi mavara makamera akagadzirirwa kufungidzira kuwanda uko kurongeka kweruvara, sensor mutsara, uye simba renji rakakosha.
Aya makamera anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandisa senge brightfield microscopy, histology, ongororo yezvishandiso, uye mabasa ekuona muchina uko kududzira kwekuona kana kurongeka kwemavara kwakakosha. Mazhinji makamera esainzi emavara akavakirwa paCMOS kana sCMOS masensa, akagadzirirwa kuzadzisa zvakaomesesa zvekutsvaga kwesainzi uye maindasitiri.
Kuti uwane kutarisisa kwakadzama kune akasiyana masisitimu ekufungidzira, ongorora sarudzo yedu yepamusoro-inoshandakamera yesainzimhando dzakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi.
Kuwana Ruvara: Iyo Bayer Sefa
Sezvineiwo, kucherechedzwa kwemavara mumakamera kunowanikwa nenzira dzakafanana nekubereka kwemavara pamamonitor uye zviratidziro: kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wepedyo tsvuku, girinhi uye bhuruu pixels mune yakazara-ruvara 'superpixels'. Kana iyo R, G uye B nzira dzese dziri pakukosha kwazvo, pixel chena inoonekwa.
Sezvo makamera esilicon asingakwanise kuona kureba kwemafotoni anouya, kupatsanurwa kwega rega R, G kana B wavelength chiteshi kunofanirwa kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekusefa.
Mune mapixel matsvuku, sefa yega yega inoiswa pamusoro pepixel kuvhara ese mawavelengths asi ayo ari muchikamu dzvuku che spectrum, uye zvakafanana kune yebhuruu negirinhi. Nekudaro, kuti uwane sikweya tileng mumativi maviri kunyangwe iine matatu mavara chiteshi, superpixel inoumbwa kubva kune imwe tsvuku, imwe yebhuruu uye maviri egirinhi pixels, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.
Bayer sefa dhizaini yemamera emakamera
CHERECHEDZA: Kurongeka kwemafirita eruvara akawedzerwa kumapikisi ega ega emakamera eruvara uchishandisa Bayer sefa dhizaini, uchishandisa akadzokororwa square 4-pixel mayuniti eGreen, Tsvuku, Bhuruu, Green pixels. Kurongeka mukati me4-pixel unit inogona kusiyana.
Mapikisi egirini anoiswa pamberi pese nekuti mazhinji emwenje masosi (kubva kuzuva kusvika kuchena maLED) anoratidza kukwirira kwawo muchikamu chegirinhi che spectrum, uye nekuti majenera emagetsi (kubva pasilicon-based camera sensors kusvika kumaziso edu) anowanzo kukwira mukunzwa mugirini.
Kana zvasvika pakuongororwa kwemufananidzo uye kuratidza, zvisinei, mifananidzo haiwanzo kuendeswa kumushandisi ine pixels imwe neimwe ichiratidzira chete R, G kana B kukosha kwayo. Iyo 3-channel RGB kukosha inogadzirwa kune yega pixel yekamera, kuburikidza nekududzira kukosha kwemapikseli ari pedyo, mukuita kunonzi 'debayering'.
Semuenzaniso, pixel yega yega dzvuku inoburitsa kukosha kwegirinhi, kungave kubva paavhareji yemapikiseli mana egirinhi ari pedyo, kana kuburikidza neimwe algorithm, uye zvakafanana kune mana eblue pixels ari pedyo.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipira Ruvara
Pros
● Unogona kuiona muruvara! Ruvara runopa ruzivo rwakakosha runonatsiridza kududzira kwevanhu, kunyanya pakuongorora zvipenyu kana zvinhu.
● Zviri nyore kutora mifananidzo yeruvara rweRGB maringe nekutora mifananidzo inotevedzana yeR, G, uye B uchishandisa kamera yemonochrome.
Cons
● Kunzwisiswa kwemakamera emavara kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya kuenzaniswa nemhando dzavo dze monochrome, zvichienderana newavelength. Muchikamu chitsvuku uye chebhuruu chechitarisiko, nekuda kwechimwe chete mumasefa mana epixel anopfuura aya wavelengths, kuunganidzwa kwemwenje kunonyanya kusvika 25% iyo yekamera yakaenzana nemonochrome mune aya wavelengths. Mune girini, chinhu chiri 50%. Uye zvakare, hapana sefa yakakwana: iyo peak kuendesa ichave isingasviki 100%, uye inogona kunge yakaderera zvakanyanya zvichienderana neiyo wavelength chaiyo.
● Kugadziriswa kwemashoko akanaka kunowedzerawo kuipa, sezvo miyero yesampling inoderedzwa nezvinhu zvimwe chete izvi (kusvika pa25% yeR, B uye kusvika ku50% yeG). Panyaya yemapikisi matsvuku, ane 1 chete mu4 pixels anotora mwenje dzvuku, saizi yepixel inoshanda yekuverenga resolution ndeye 2x hombe mune imwe neimwe dimension.
● Makamera emavara anewo nguva dzose anosanganisira infrared (IR) sefa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekugona kwesilicon kamera kuona mamwe IR wavelengths isingaonekwe neziso remunhu, kubva pa700nm kusvika kutenderedza 1100nm. Dai chiedza cheIR ichi chisina kusefa, chaizokanganisa chiyero chichena, zvichikonzera kuberekana kwemavara kusina kunaka, uye mufananidzo unogadzirwa waisazoenderana nezvinoonekwa neziso. Nekudaro, iyi IR mwenje inofanirwa kusefa kunze, zvichireva kuti makamera emavara haagone kushandiswa pakufungidzira maapplication, ayo anoshandisa aya wavelengths.
Makamera Emavara Anoshanda Sei?
Muenzaniso weyakajairwa ruvara kamera quantum inoshanda curve
CHERECHEDZA: Kutsamira kwewavelength kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunoratidzwa zvakasiyana pamapikiseli ane tsvuku, bhuruu uye girini sefa. Zvakare kuratidzwa ndiko kugona kwehuwandu hweiyo sensor imwe chete isina mafirita emavara. Kuwedzera kwemavara mafirita kunoderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwehuwandu.
Nheyo yekamera yemuvara wesainzi ndiyo sensor yayo yemufananidzo, kazhinji aCMOS kamera or sCMOS kamera(scientific CMOS), yakashongedzerwa neBayer sefa. Kufambiswa kwebasa kubva kufoton kutorwa kuenda kumifananidzo kunobuda kunosanganisira akati wandei akakosha matanho:
1. Photon Detection: Chiedza chinopinda mu lens uye chinorova sensor. Pixel yega yega inonzwa kune yakatarwa wavelength zvichienderana neruvara sefa yainotakura.
2. Charge Shanduko: Mapikicha anogadzira chaji yemagetsi muphotodiode pasi pepikisi imwe neimwe.
3. Readout & Amplification: Mhosva dzinoshandurwa kuva voltages, kuverenga kunze mutsara nemutsara, uye inogadziriswa neanalog-to-digital converters.
4. Kuvakazve Kwemavara: Iyo kamera yepabhodhi processor kana software yekunze inoshandura mufananidzo wakazara-ruvara kubva kune yakasefa data uchishandisa demosaicing algorithms.
5. Kugadziriswa Kwemifananidzo: Matanho ekugadzirisa mushure sekugadzirisa-furati-munda, chiyero chechena, uye kuderedza ruzha zvinoshandiswa kuti zvive nechokwadi chechokwadi, chakavimbika.
Kuita kwekamera yemuvara kunoenderana zvakanyanya neiyo sensor tekinoroji. Yemazuva ano CMOS kamera sensors inopa kukurumidza furemu mareti uye yakaderera ruzha, nepo sCMOS sensors inogadziridzwa yakaderera-mwenje senitivity uye yakakura simba renji, yakakosha pabasa resainzi. Izvi zvakakosha zvinoisa nhanho yekufananidza ruvara uye monochrome kamera.
Color Cameras vs. Monochrome Cameras: Key Differences
Kuenzanisa pakati pemavara uye monochrome kamera mifananidzo yebasa rakaderera-chiedza
CHERECHEDZA: Mufananidzo weFluorescent une red wavelength emission yakaonekwa nekamera yeruvara (kuruboshwe) uye monochrome kamera (kurudyi), ine mamwe maratidziro ekamera akasara akafanana. Mufananidzo weruvara unoratidza yakaderera-signal-to-noise ratio uye resolution.
Nepo ese ari maviri emavara uye monochrome makamera achigovana akawanda maficha, misiyano yavo mukuita uye mashandisirwo emakesi akakosha. Heino kuenzanisa nekukurumidza:
| Feature | Color Camera | Monochrome Kamera |
| Sensor Type | Bayer-yakasefa CMOS/sCMOS | isina kusefa CMOS/sCMOS |
| Light Sensitivity | Pazasi (nekuda kwemavara mafirita anovharira mwenje) | Pamusoro (hapana chiedza chakarasika kune mafirita) |
| Spatial Resolution | Kugadzirisa kwakadzika kunoshanda (demosaicing) | Full native resolution |
| Ideal Applications | Brightfield microscopy, histology, kuongorora zvinhu | Fluorescence, yakaderera-mwenje imaging, yakakwirira-chaiyo zviyero |
| Rudzi Data | Inobata ruzivo rwakazara RGB | Inobata greyscale chete |
Muchidimbu, makamera eruvara akanakisa kana ruvara rune basa mukududzirwa kana kuongororwa, nepo monochrome kamera yakanakira kunzwa uye nemazvo.
Iko Makamera Makamera Excel muSainzi Zvishandiso
Pasinei nezvaasingakwanisi, makamera emavara anokunda munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakakosha uko kusiyanisa kwemavara kwakakosha. Pazasi pane mienzaniso mishoma yekwavanopenya:
Hupenyu Sayenzi uye Microscopy
Makamera emavara anowanzo shandiswa mubrightfield microscopy, kunyanya mu histological analysis. Maitiro ekusvibisa senge H&E kana Gram staining anoburitsa ruvara-rwakavakirwa musiyano unogona kududzirwa chete neRGB imaging. Madhipatimendi eDzidzo nemadhipatimendi ezvirwere zvinovimbawo nemakamera eruvara kutora mifananidzo yechokwadi yezvipenyu zvipenyu zvekudzidzisa kana kuongororwa.
Materials Science uye Surface Analysis
Mukutsvaga kwezvinhu, kufungidzira kwemavara kwakakosha pakuona corrosion, oxidation, machira, uye miganhu yezvinhu. Makamera eruvara anobatsira kuona kusiyana kusinganzwisisike pakupedzwa kwepamusoro kana hurema hungapotsa kufungidzira kwemonochrome. Semuenzaniso, kuongorora zvinhu zvakaumbwa kana mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa kazhinji zvinoda kumiririrwa kwemavara kwakaringana.
Machine Vision uye otomatiki
Mune otomatiki ekuongorora masisitimu, makamera eruvara anoshandiswa kuronga chinhu, kuona chakakanganisika, uye kuisirwa mazita. Ivo vanobvumira muchina kuona algorithms kurongedza zvikamu kana zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana neruvara cues, kusimudzira otomatiki chaiyo mukugadzira.
Dzidzo, Zvinyorwa, uye Kuparidzira
Masangano eSainzi anowanzoda mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro-yemhando yezvinyorwa, zvikumbiro zvekupa, uye kuparidzira. Mufananidzo weruvara unopa humbowo hwakajeka uye hunooneka humiriri hwedata resainzi, kunyanya kutaurirana kwemarudzi akasiyana kana kuita ruzhinji.
Pfungwa dzekupedzisira
Makamera esainzi eruvara anoita basa rakakosha mukufungidzira kwemazuva ano mafambiro apo kusiyanisa kwemavara kwakakosha. Kunyangwe iwo angave asingaenderane nemonochrome kamera mukunzwa kana kugadzirisa mbishi, kugona kwavo kuendesa yakasikwa, mifananidzo inodudzirwa inoita kuti ive yakakosha muminda kubva kusainzi yehupenyu kusvika kuongororo yeindasitiri.
Paunosarudza pakati pemuvara uye monochrome, funga nezvezvinangwa zvako zvekufungidzira. Kana chikumbiro chako chichida kushanda kwechiedza chakaderera, kunzwa kwakanyanya, kana kuona fluorescence, monochrome sainzi kamera inogona kunge iri sarudzo yako yakanaka. Asi kune yakajeka kufungidzira, kuongororwa kwezvinhu, kana chero basa rinosanganisira ruzivo rwemavara-mavara, mhinduro yemuvara inogona kunge yakanaka.
Kuti uongorore masisitimu emhando yepamusoro ekufungidzira kwesainzi, tsvaga yedu yakazara mutsara wepamusoro-inoshanda CMOS makamera uye sCMOS modhi dzakagadzirirwa zvinoenderana nezvaunoda.
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Kodzero dzese dzakachengetwa. Paunenge uchitaura, ndapota bvuma kwakabva:www.tucsen.com
