25/08/01Iyo Electron-Multiplying CCD sensor ndeyekushanduka kweCCD sensor kubvumira kushanda kwakadzika kwechiedza. Iwo anowanzo kuitirwa zviratidzo zvemazana mashoma emaphotoelectrons, kusvika kune yega photon-kuverenga level.
Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura kuti EMCCD sensors chii, mashandiro aanoita, zvakanakira nekuipira, uye nei achionekwa seanotevera shanduko yeCCD tekinoroji yemifananidzo yakaderera.
Chii chinonzi EMCCD Sensor?
An Electron-Multiplying Charge-Coupled Device (EMCCD) sensor imhando yakasarudzika yeCCD sensor inokwidziridza masaini asina kusimba asati averengwa, achibvumira kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzakadzika-mwenje.
Pakutanga yakagadziridzwa maapplication akadai seyemuchadenga uye advanced microscopy, EMCCDs inogona kuona imwe chete mafotoni, basa iro rechinyakare CCD sensors rinonetsekana naro. Uku kugona kuona mafotoni ega ega kunoita kuti EMCCDs ive yakakosha kuminda inoda kunyatso kufungidzira pasi peyero yakaderera.
EMCCD Sensors Inoshanda Sei?
Kusvika padanho rekuverenga, EMCCD sensors inoshanda pamisimboti yakafanana neCCD sensors. Zvakadaro, kusati kwayerwa neADC, mhosva dzaonekwa dzinowanzwa kuburikidza nenzira inonzi impactionization, mu'electronic registry register'. Kupfuura akateedzana emazana akati wandei matanho, machaji kubva papixel anofambiswa achitevedzana akateedzana mapikseli akafukidzwa pahigh voltage. Erekitironi rega rega padanho rega rega rine mukana wekuunza mamwe maerekitironi. Saka chiratidzo chinowedzerwa zvakanyanya.
Mhedzisiro yeEMCCD yakakwenenzverwa kugona kusarudza huwandu chaihwo hweavhareji yekuwedzeredza, kazhinji kutenderedza mazana matatu kusvika mazana mana ebasa rakaderera. Izvi zvinogonesa masaini akaonekwa kuti awedzerwe kureba kupfuura kuverenga kwekamera ruzha, zvichiita kuderedza ruzha rwekuverenga kamera. Nehurombo, chimiro che stochastic cheiyi nzira yekuwedzera zvinoreva kuti pixel yega yega inowanzwa nehuwandu hwakasiyana, iyo inounza imwe ruzha chinhu, ichideredza EMCCD's sign-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Heano kuparara kwemashandiro anoita EMCCD sensors. Kusvikira Nhanho 6, maitiro acho akanyatsofanana neaya eCCD sensors.
Mufananidzo: Kuverenga maitiro eEMCD sensor
Pakupera kwekuratidzwa kwavo, EMCCD masensa anotanga kukurumidza kufambisa akaunganidzwa macheji kune akafukidzwa mutsara wemapikseli zviyero zvakafanana nemwenje inonzwa array (frame transfer). Zvadaro, mutsara mumwe panguva, mhosva dzinoendeswa murejista yekuverenga. Koramu imwe panguva, machaji mukati merejista yekuverenga anopfuudzwa kurejista yekuwedzera. Pane imwe neimwe nhanho yerejisita iyi (kusvika nhanho 1000 mumakamera chaiwo eEMCCD), erekitironi yega yega ine mukana mudiki wekuburitsa imwe erekitironi, ichiwedzera chiratidzo zvakanyanya. Pakupedzisira, chiratidzo chakapetwa chinoverengwa.
1. Charge Clearing: Kutanga kutora, kubhadharisa kunobviswa panguva imwe chete kubva kune yese sensor (global shutter).
2. Charge Accumulation: Charge inounganidza panguva yekuratidzwa.
3. Charge Storage: Mushure mekuratidzwa, mhosva dzakaunganidzwa dzinoendeswa kunzvimbo yakafukidzwa ye sensor, kwavanogona kumirira kuverenga pasina mafotoni matsva aonekwa mafotoni achiverengwa. Iyi ndiyo 'Frame Transfer' maitiro.
4. Next Frame Exposure: Nemachaji akaonekwa akachengetwa mumapikiseli akafukidzwa, mapixel anoshanda anogona kutanga kuratidzwa kweiyo inotevera furemu (inopindirana modhi).
5. Readout Process: Mutsara mumwe panguva, machaji emutsetse wega wega wefuremu yakapedzwa inofambiswa mu'reji yekuverengera'.
6. Koramu imwe panguva, machaji kubva papixel yega yega anovharirwa munzvimbo yekuverenga.
7. Electron Kuwanza: Tevere, machaji ese maerekitironi kubva papixel pinda murejista yekuwandisa maerekitironi, uye famba nhanho nenhanho, uchiwanza nhamba zvakanyanya padanho rega rega.
8. Readout: Chiratidzo chakawedzerwa chinoverengwa neADC, uye nzira yacho inodzokororwa kusvikira iyo yose yefuremu yaverengwa.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveEMCCD Sensors
Zvakanakira zveEMCCD Sensors
| Advantage | Tsanangudzo |
| Photon Counting | Inoona maphotoelectrons ega ega ane ruzha rwakanyanya-pasi kuverenga (<0.2e⁻), ichigonesa kunzwa kwephoton imwe chete. |
| Ultra-Low-Light Sensitivity | Zvirinani zvirinani pane echinyakare maCCDs, dzimwe nguva achipfuura kunyange epamusoro-ekupedzisira sCMOS makamera padanho rakaderera. |
| Low Dark Current | Kutonhodza kwakadzika kunoderedza ruzha rwekupisa, kuchigonesa mifananidzo yakachena panguva yekuratidzwa kwenguva refu. |
| 'Half-Global' Shutter | Kufambiswa kwemafuremu kunobvumira kuratidzwa kwepasirese nekukurumidza kuchaja kuchinja (~ 1 microsecond). |
● Kuverenga Photon: Nekuwedzeredza kwerekitironi yakakwira, ruzha rwekuverenga runogona kubviswa (<0.2e-). Izvi, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwekuwana kukosha uye pedyo-yakakwana quantum kunyatsoshanda, zvinoreva kuti kusiyanisa ega photoelectrons kunogoneka.
● Ultra-Low-Light Sensitivity: Kuenzaniswa neCCDs, iyo yakaderera-light performance yeEMCCDs iri nani zvakanyanya. Panogona kunge paine mamwe maapplication apo EMCCD inopa zvirinani kugona uye kusiyanisa kunyange kupfuura yakakwirira-yekupedzisira sCMOS pane yakaderera inogoneka mwenje mwero.
● Low Rima Ikozvino: Sezvakaita neCCDs, EMCCDs anowanzo kudzika kutonhorera uye anokwanisa kuburitsa yakaderera yakasviba yazvino kukosha.
● 'Half Global' Shutter: Iyo furemu yekufambisa maitiro ekutanga uye kupedzisa kuratidzwa haisi chaiyo panguva imwe chete, asi kazhinji inotora kurongeka kwe1 microsecond.
Cons yeEMCCD Sensors
| Kukanganisa | Tsanangudzo |
| Kumhanya kwakaganhurirwa | Maximum furemu mitengo (~ 30 fps pa 1 MP) inononoka pane yazvino CMOS dzimwe nzira. |
| Amplification Noise | Hunhu husina kurongeka hwekuwanza maerekitironi hunounza ruzha rwakanyanya, kuderedza SNR. |
| Clock-Induced Charge (CIC) | Kukurumidza kuchaja kufamba kunogona kuunza masaini enhema anokwidziridzwa. |
| Yakaderedzwa Dynamic Range | Kuwana kwakanyanya kunoderedza iyo yakanyanya chiratidzo iyo sensor inogona kubata isati yazara. |
| Yakakura Pixel Saizi | Saizi dzepixel dzakajairwa (13–16 μm) dzinogona kusaenderana nezvakawanda zvinodiwa zve optical system. |
| Chinodiwa Chekutonhodza Chinorema | Kutonhora kwakadzika kwakadzika kunodiwa kuti uwane kuwedzeredza kunoenderana uye ruzha rwakaderera. |
| Calibration Zvinoda | EM kuwana inodzikisira nekufamba kwenguva (kuwanda kuora), inoda kugaro gadzirisa. |
| Short Exposure Instability | Kuratidzwa kupfupi kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kusingafungidzike chiratidzo chekusimudzira uye ruzha. |
| High Cost | Kugadzira kwakaomarara uye kutonhora kwakadzika kunoita kuti masensa aya adhure kupfuura sCMOS. |
| Hupenyu Hwakaganhurirwa | Rejista yekuwedzera maerekitironi inopera, kazhinji inogara makore 5-10. |
| Export Matambudziko | Zvichienderana nemirairo yakasimba nekuda kwezvingangoitwa zvechiuto. |
● Kukurumidza Kuderera: Fast EMCCDs inopa akatenderedza makumi matatu fps pa1 MP, yakafanana neCCDs, maodha ehukuru anononoka pane CMOS kamera.
● Kusuma Noise: Iyo 'yakanyanyisa ruzha chinhu' inokonzerwa nekuwanda kweerekitironi, ichienzaniswa nekamera-yakaderera sCMOS kamera ine huwandu hwakafanana hwehuwandu, inogona kupa EMCCDs ruzha rwakanyanya zvichienderana nemazinga echiratidzo. SNR yepamusoro-yekupedzisira sCMOS inowanzova nani kune masaini akatenderedza 3e-, kutonyanya kune epamusoro masaini.
● Clock-Induced Charge (CIC): Kunze kwekunge yanyatsodzorwa, kufamba kwemachaji mukati me sensor kunogona kuunza mamwe maerekitironi mumapikisi. Ruzha urwu rwunobva rwawedzerwa nerejista yekuwanza maelectron. Yepamusoro yekuchaja mafambiro ekumhanya (wachi mareti) inotungamira kune yakakwira furemu mitengo, asi yakawanda CIC.
● Yakaderedzwa Dynamic Range: Iwo akanyanya erekitironi kuwanda kukosha anodiwa kukunda iyo EMCCD kuverenga ruzha inotungamira kune yakanyanya kuderedzwa dhizaini renji.
● Hukuru Pixel Size: Iyo diki yakajairika pixel saizi yeEMCCD makamera ndeye 10 μm, asi 13 kana 16 μm ndiyo yakajairika. Izvi zvakakurisa kwazvo kuti zvienderane neakawanda optical masisitimu 'kugadziriswa zvinodiwa.
● Zvinodiwa Pakuenzanisa: Maitiro ekuwedzera erekitironi anopedza rejista yeEM nekushandisa, zvichideredza kugona kwayo kuwanda nenzira inodaidzwa kuti 'kuora kwemagetsi ekuwedzera'. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuwana kwekamera kunogara kuchichinja, uye kamera inoda kugaroongororwa kuti iite chero huwandu hwekufungidzira.
● Kuratidzwa Kusingachinji Panguva Pfupi: Paunenge uchishandisa nguva pfupi dzekuratidzwa, EMCCD kamera dzinogona kuburitsa zvisingaenderane nekuti iyo isina simba siginecha inokurirwa neruzha, uye maitiro ekusimudzira anounza kushanduka kwehuwandu.
● Chinodiwa Chokutonhodza Chikuru: Maitiro ekuwedzera erekitironi anokonzerwa zvakanyanya nekushisa. Kutonhodza sensor kunowedzera inowanikwa maerekitironi kuwanda. Saka yakadzika sensor kutonhora uku uchichengetedza kugadzikana kwekushisa saka kwakakosha kuberekazve EMCCD zviyero.
● Kudhura kwakakwirira: Kuomerwa kwekugadzirwa kweaya akawanda-component sensors, akasanganiswa nekutonhora kwakadzika, anotungamira kumitengo inowanzo kwira kupfuura yepamusoro mhando sCMOS sensor kamera.
● Upenyu Hushoma: Kuora kweErekitironi kuwanda kunoisa muganhu pahupenyu hwemasensa aya anodhura anowanzo makore 5-10, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekushandiswa.
● Zvinetso Zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika: Kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika kweEMCCD sensors kunowanzoita kunetsa nekuda kwekugona kushandiswa kwavo mukushandisa zvechiuto.
Nei EMCCD iri Mutsivi weCCD
| Feature | CCD | EMCCD |
| Sensitivity | High | Ultra-yakakwirira (kunyanya yakaderera chiedza) |
| Readout Noise | Pakati nepakati | Zvakanyanya kuderera (nekuda kwekuwana) |
| Dynamic Range | High | Pakati nepakati (zvishoma nekuwana) |
| Mutengo | Lower | Higher |
| Kutonhora | Optional | Kazhinji inodiwa kuti iite zvakakwana |
| Shandisa Nyaya | General imaging | Yakaderera-chiedza, imwe-photon yekuona |
EMCCD masensa anovaka pane echinyakare CCD tekinoroji nekubatanidza nhanho yekuwedzera erekitironi. Izvi zvinowedzera kugona kukwidziridza masaini asina kusimba uye kuderedza ruzha, zvichiita kuti EMCCDs ive sarudzo inosarudzika kune yakaderera-mwenje yekufungidzira maapplication apo CCD sensors inodonha.
Kushandiswa kwakakosha kweEMCCD Sensors
EMCCD masensa anowanzo kushandiswa mune zvesainzi uye maindasitiri minda inoda kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya uye kugona kuona masaini asina simba:
● Life Science Imaging: Yezvishandiso senge single-morekuru fluorescence microscopy uye yakazara yemukati inoratidzira fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy.
● Chidzidzo chenyeredzi: Inoshandiswa kutora chiedza chisina kujeka kubva kunyeredzi dziri kure, magalaxi, uye exoplanet research.
● Quantum Optics: Nezve photon entanglement uye quantum ruzivo ruzivo.
● Forensics uye Chengetedzo: Kushandirwa mukutarisisa kwechiedza chakaderera uye kutsvaga humbowo kuongororwa.
● Spectroscopy: MuRaman spectroscopy uye yakaderera-yakanyanya fluorescence kutariswa.
Nderini Paunofanirwa Kusarudza EMCCD Sensor?
Nekuvandudzwa kweCMOS sensors mumakore achangopfuura, mukana wekuverenga ruzha weEMCCD sensors wadzikira sezvo iye zvino kunyange makamera eCMOS ave kukwanisa kuverenga ruzha rwe subelectron, padivi pemamwe akawanda mabhenefiti. Kana application yakamboshandisa EMCCDs, zvakakodzera kuti uongorore kana iyi iriyo sarudzo yakanakisa yakapihwa zviitiko muSCMOS.
Nhoroondo, EMCCDs inogona kuramba ichiita mafoton kuverenga zvakabudirira, padivi pemamwe mashoma niche maapplication ane akajairwa masaini mazinga ari pasi pe3-5e- papixel pakakwirira. Kunyangwe, nehukuru pixel saizi uye sub-electron verenga ruzha rwuri kuwanikwa mukatimakamera esainzizvichibva pane tekinoroji yeSCMOS, zvinogoneka kuti maapplication aya anogona kukurumidza kuitwa neakakwira-magumo sCMOS.
FAQs
Ndeipi Iyo Yakaderera Yekuratidzwa Nguva YeFremu Yekutamisa Makamera?
Kune ese mafirimu ekufambisa masensa, kusanganisira EMCCDs, mubvunzo weiyo shoma inogoneka yekuratidzwa nguva yakaoma. Pakutorwa kwemufananidzo mumwechete, kuratidzwa kunogona kupedzwa nekukwenya machaji akawanikwa munzvimbo yakafukidzwa kuti iverenge nekukurumidza, uye ipfupi (sub-microsecond) shoma yekuratidzwa nguva inogoneka.
Nekudaro, kana kamera ichingoyerera nekumhanya kuzere, kureva kuwana akawanda mafuremu / bhaisikopo pachiyero chakazara, kana mufananidzo wekutanga wangopedza kufumura, dunhu rakafukidzwa rinogarwa nefuremu iyoyo kusvika kuverenga kwapera. Naizvozvo kuratidzwa hakugone kupera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, zvisinei nenguva yekuratidzwa yakakumbirwa musoftware, iyo chaiyo yekuratidzwa nguva yemafuremu anotevera mushure mekutanga kweakazara-kumhanya akawanda-mafuremu ekutora inopihwa nenguva yefuremu, kureva 1 / Frame Rate, yekamera.
IsCMOS Tekinoroji Inotsiva EMCCD Sensors?
EMCCD makamera aive nemaitiro maviri akabatsira kuchengetedza mukana wavo mune yakanyanyisa-yakaderera yekufungidzira mamiriro (ane peak chiratidzo mazinga e5 photoelectrons kana mashoma). Chekutanga, mapixels avo makuru, anosvika 16 μm, uye chechipiri yavo <1e- verenga ruzha.
Chizvarwa chitsva chesCMOS kamerakwabuda izvo zvinopa aya hunhu humwe, pasina akawanda anokanganisa eEMCCDs, kunyanya iyo yakawandisa ruzha chinhu. Makamera akadai seAries 16 anobva kuTucsen anopa 16 μm kumashure-akavhenekerwa pixels ane ruzha rwekuverenga rwe0.8e-. Neruzha rwakaderera uye 'natively' mapixels akakura, makamera aya zvakare anodarika akawanda akavharirwa sCMOS makamera, nekuda kwehukama pakati pekubinning uye kuverenga ruzha.
Kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve EMCCD, tapota tinya:
Iyo EMCCD Inogona Kutsiviwa Uye Tingazoda Izvozvo?
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Kodzero dzese dzakachengetwa. Paunenge uchitaura, ndapota bvuma kwakabva:www.tucsen.com
