25/08/19Kana zvasvika pakutora mifananidzo chaiyo uye yakavimbika mukutsvagisa kwesainzi, mhando yedata rako inotsamira pane zvinopfuura kugadzirisa kana saizi yekunzwa. Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha-asi dzimwe nguva inofuratirwa-metrics is Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Mune ekufungidzira masisitimu, SNR inosarudza zvakajeka sei iwe unogona kusiyanisa chiratidzo chaicho (ruzivo runobatsira) kubva kune ruzha rusingadiwe.
Mumashandisirwo ekufungidzira esainzi senge microscopy, nyeredzi, uye spectroscopy, isina kunaka SNR inogona kureva mutsauko uripo pakati pekuona chakafonda chinangwa nekuchipotsa zvachose. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora kuti SNR inotsanangurwa sei, nei ichikosha, kuti inokanganisa sei musiyano, uye maitiro ekusarudza nekugadzirisa kamera yesainzi zvichibva pane iyi yakaoma metric.
Chii chinonzi Signal-to-Noise Ratio uye Inotsanangurwa Sei?
Iyo Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chiyero chemhando yedu yemufananidzo, yakakosha mukusiyana kwemifananidzo, uye kazhinji ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekuona kuti kamera inonzwisisa zvakakwana kune application yako.
Kuedza kuvandudza kunzwisiswa kwekamera kunotenderera kune ese ari maviri kuvandudza chiratidzo chakaunganidzwa:
● Kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu kana kuwedzera kwehukuru hwepixel
● Kuderedza kunobva kamera-ruzha manyuko
Ruzha masosi anowedzera pamwe chete, asi zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu munhu anogona kutonga, uye anofanirwa kutariswa paanenge achiedza kuvandudza SNR - kungave kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvigadziriso kana kuseta, kana kukwidziridza kune zviri nani magetsi masosi, optics, uye makamera.
Zvakajairika shorthand kutsanangura mifananidzo maererano nereshiyo yechiratidzo-ku-ruzha, semuenzaniso uchiti mufananidzo une SNR ye'15'. Nekudaro, sezviri pachena kubva pazita, chiratidzo-kune-ruzha chiyero chinoenderana nechiratidzo, icho chichave chakasiyana kune yega pixel. Izvi ndizvo zvinotipa mufananidzo wedu.
Iyo SNR yemufananidzo inowanzo reva iyo SNR yeiyo yepamusoro chiratidzo chekufarira mukati memufananidzo. Semuyenzaniso, SNR kubva pamufananidzo wemaseru efluorescent pane yakasviba yaizoshandisa kusimba kwechiratidzo chepamusoro kubva kumapikisi echimiro chekufarira mukati mesero.
Haisi mumiriri kutora, semuenzaniso, kukosha kweiyo SNR yemufananidzo wese. Mune matekiniki akadai sefluorescence microscopy uko yakasviba kumashure ine zero yakaonekwa mafotoni inogona kuwanda, aya zero siginecha pixels ane SNR ye zero. Naizvozvo, chero avhareji pamufananidzo waizoenderana nekuti mangani mapikseli ekumashure aive achionekwa.
Nei SNR Inokosha kune Scientific Camera
Mukufungidzira kwesainzi, SNR inokanganisa zvakananga kuti iwe unogona sei kuziva zvisina kusimba, kuyera huwandu hwe data, uye kuburitsa mhedzisiro.
●Mufananidzo Kujeka-Yakakwira SNR inoderedza hurombo uye inoita kuti zvimiro zvakanaka zvionekwe.
●Kururama Kwedata- Inoderedza kuyerwa zvikanganiso mukusimba-kwakavakirwa kuyedza.
●Low-Light Performance- Yakakosha kune fluorescence microscopy, yakadzika-yedenga astrophotography, uye spectroscopy, uko kuverenga kwephoton kwakadzikira.
Kunyangwe uri kushandisa asCMOS kamerayekufungidzira-kumhanya-mhanya kana CCD yakatonhodzwa kune-refu-kuratidzwa zvikumbiro, kunzwisisa SNR kunokubatsira kuenzanisa kuita kwekutengesa-offs.
Iyo SNR Inokanganisa Kusiyanisa Kwemifananidzo
Musiyano ndiwo musiyano unoenderana nekusimba pakati penzvimbo dzechiedza nenzvimbo dzakasviba dzemufananidzo. Kune akawanda maapplication, yakanaka mufananidzo musiyano mukati menzvimbo dzekufarira ndiyo yekupedzisira yekupedzisira chinangwa.
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda mukati mechinyorwa chekufungidzira, optical system uye imaging mamiriro ayo ari ekutanga ekuona zvinhu zvekusiyana kwemufananidzo, senge lens kunaka uye huwandu hwechiedza chekumashure.
●High SNR→ Kupatsanura kwakasiyana pakati penzvimbo dzakajeka uye dzakasviba; mipendero inoratidzika kunge yakaoma; mashoko akajeka anoramba achionekwa.
●Low SNR→ Nzvimbo dzine rima dzinopenya nekuda kweruzha, nzvimbo dzinopenya dzinodzikira, uye musiyano wemifananidzo wakazara.
Semuenzaniso, mune fluorescence microscopy, yakaderera SNR inogona kuita isina simba fluorescent sampu musanganiswa kumashure, zvichiita kuti kuongororwa kwehuwandu kusavimbike. Mukuongorora nyeredzi, nyeredzi dzisina simba kana mapoka enyeredzi anogona kunyangarika zvachose mu data ine ruzha.
Nekudaro, pane zvakare zvinhu mukati mekamera pachayo - chinhu chekutanga chiri Chiratidzo kune Noise Ratio. Kupfuurirazve, uye kunyanya pachiedza chakaderera, kusimba kwechifananidzo, maratidziro emufananidzo pamonitor, inoita basa rakakura mukusiyana kwemufananidzo. Neruzha rwakakura munzvimbo dzine rima dzemufananidzo, auto image scaling algorithms inogona kuita yakadzikira bounding yakadzikira zvakanyanya ne low-value ruzha pixels, uku iyo yakakwira inowedzerwa neruzha mumapikisi echiratidzo chepamusoro. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chechimiro 'chakashambidzwa-kunze' grey kutaridzika kwemifananidzo yakaderera-SNR. Kusiyanisa kurinani kunogona kuwanikwa nekuisa yakaderera yakasungwa kune kamera offset.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa SNR muScientific Camera
Magadzirirwo akati wandei uye maparamendi ekushanda anokanganisa SNR yekamera system:
Sensor Technology
● sCMOS - Inosanganisa yakaderera kuverenga ruzha uye yakakwirira furemu mareti, akanakira dhizaini yekufungidzira.
● CCD - Nhoroondo inopa ruzha rwakaderera mukuratidzwa kwenguva refu, asi inononoka kupfuura yemazuva ano CMOS magadzirirwo.
● EMCCD - Inoshandisa on-chip amplification kusimbisa zviratidzo zvisina simba, asi inogona kuunza ruzha rwekuwedzera.
Pixel Saizi uye Zadza Factor
Mapikisi makuru anounganidza akawanda mafoto, achiwedzera chiratidzo uye nekudaro iyo SNR.
Quantum Kubudirira (QE)
Yepamusoro QE inoreva mamwe mafotoni anouya anoshandurwa kuita maerekitironi, achivandudza SNR.
Nguva yekusadzivirirwa
Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kunounganidza mamwe mafotoni, kuchiwedzera chiratidzo, asi kunogona kuwedzera rima razvino ruzha.
Cooling Systems
Kutonhora kunoderedza rima razvino, kuvandudza zvakanyanya SNR yekuratidzwa kwenguva refu.
Optics uye Illumination
Malensi emhando yepamusoro uye kupenya kwakagadzikana kunowedzera kubatwa kwechiratidzo uye kuderedza kusiyanisa.
Mienzaniso Yemhando Yakasiyana Peak SNR
Mukufungidzira, PSNR inowanzo reva kune theoretical yepamusoro hukama nepixel saturation. Pasinei nekusiyana kwezvidzidzo zvekufungidzira, mamiriro ekufungidzira uye tekinoroji yekamera, kumakamera esainzi akajairika, mifananidzo ine chiratidzo-kunoise reshiyo inogona kunge yakafanana. Chiyero che'graininess', kusiyanisa kubva kune furemu kuenda kune imwe, uye kusvika pamwero wakati musiyano, zvese zvinogona kufanana pamamiriro akasiyana aya. Naizvozvo, zvinokwanisika kuwana nzwisiso yehunhu hweSNR uye mamiriro akasiyana uye matambudziko aanoreva kubva kune anomiririra mifananidzo, seyakaratidzwa mutafura.
CHERECHEDZA: Peak signal values mumaphotoelectrons pamutsara wega wega anopiwa neblue. Mifananidzo yese inoratidzwa ine auto histogram scaling, tichifuratira (saturating)0.35% yemapikisi anopenya uye akasviba zvakanyanya. Kuruboshwe mifananidzo miviri: Lens-based imaging yeiyo imaging test target. Koramu ina dzekurudyi: Ascaris yakatorwa mufluorescence ine 10x maikorosikopu chinangwa. Kuenzanisira kusiyanisa-ku-ku-furemu kusiyanisa mumapixel values pazasi SNR, matatu anoteedzana mafuremu anopihwa.
Mufananidzo welens-wakavakirwa pakuyedza, pamwe nemufananidzo wefluorescence microscopy zvese zvinoratidzwa, pamwe nekuona kwakasimudzwa kwemufananidzo wefluorescent unoratidza musiyano mukati memafuremu matatu anoteedzana. Iyo peak photo-electron count pane yega yega signal level inopihwa zvakare.
Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza mavhezheni akazara eiyi mienzaniso yemifananidzo.
Mifananidzo yakazara-yakazara inoshandiswa kune chiratidzo-kune-ruzha reshiyo reshiyo tafura
Ruboshwe: Chiyero chekufungidzira bvunzo chakatorwa nelenzi.
Rudyi: Muenzaniso weAscaris nematode worm chikamu chinotariswa nefluorescence microscopy pa 10x magnification.
SNR muMaapplication
SNR ishumiro-yakakosha munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana:
● Microscopy - Kutsvaga fluorescence isina simba mumasampuli ehupenyu kunoda SNR yakakwirira kudzivirira nhema dzisina kunaka.
● Astronomy - Kuziva makwara enzou ari kure kana exoplanets kunoda kuratidzwa kwenguva refu neruzha rushoma.
● Spectroscopy - Yakakwirira SNR inovimbisa yakarurama peak intensity zviyero mukuongorora kwemakemikari.
● Industrial Inspection - Mumitsetse yegungano yakaderera, yakakwirira SNR inobatsira kuona kukanganisa nekuvimbika.
Kusarudza Scientific Camera ine Right SNR
Paunenge uchiongorora kamera nyowani yesainzi:
●Tarisa SNR Zvinyorwa-Enzanisa dB kukosha pasi pemamiriro akafanana nekushandisa kwako.
●Kuenzanisa Mamwe Metrics- Funga nezve quantum kunyatsoita, simba renji, uye furemu chiyero.
●Match Technology yekushandisa Nyaya- Kune yakakwirira-kumhanya inomhanya maficha, sCMOS kamera inogona kunge yakanaka; kune Ultra-low-light static subjects, CCD yakatonhorera kana EMCCD inogona kuita zvirinani.
●Kubatana kweKushanda Kwekushanda Kwekushanda-Ipo zvisiri kukanganisa SNR zvakananga, maficha akadai seHDMI kuburitsa anogona kugonesa-chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa mufananidzo, zvichikubatsira iwe nekukurumidza kuona kuti yako yekutora marongero inowana yaunoda SNR.
Mhedziso
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ndiyo yakakosha metric yekuita iyo inopesvedzera zvakananga kujeka uye kuvimbika kwemifananidzo yesainzi. Kunzwisisa kuti SNR inotsanangurwa sei, zvinhu zvinoikanganisa, uye zvinorehwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzeSNR zvinobvumira vaongorori nevashandisi vehunyanzvi kuti vaongorore masisitimu ekufungidzira zvakanyanya. Nokushandisa zivo iyi—kana pakusarudza itsvakamera yesainzikana kugadzirisa iyo iripo yekuseta-iwe unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti yako yekufungidzira yekufambisa inotora data nechiyero chechokwadi chinodiwa kune yako chaiyo application.
FAQs
Chii chinonzi "chakanaka" SNR yemakamera esainzi?
Iyo yakakodzera SNR inoenderana nekushandisa. Kune basa rinoda zvakanyanya, rakawanda-senge fluorescence microscopy kana nyeredzi-SNR iri pamusoro pe40 dB inowanzokurudzirwa, sezvo ichigadzira mifananidzo ine ruzha rushoma inooneka uye inochengetedza zvinhu zvakanaka. Pakushandiswa kwerabhoritari yakajairwa kana kuongororwa kwemaindasitiri, 35–40 dB inogona kukwana. Chero chinhu chiri pasi pe30 dB chinozoratidza zviyo zvinooneka uye zvinogona kukanganisa chokwadi, kunyanya mumamiriro akaderera.
Ko kuwanda kwehuwandu (QE) kunobata sei SNR?
Kushanda kweQuantum kunoyera kuti sensor inoshandura sei mafotoni anouya kuita maerekitironi. Iyo yepamusoro QE inoreva kuwanda kwechiedza chiripo chinotorwa sechiratidzo, kuwedzera nhamba muSNR equation. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mune yakaderera-mwenje scenarios, iyo yega photon inoverengera. Semuyenzaniso, sCMOS kamera ine QE ye80% ichawana yepamusoro SNR pasi pemamiriro akafanana kana ichienzaniswa nesensor ine 50% QE, nekungoti inobata chiratidzo chinoshanda.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peSNR neContrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR)?
Nepo SNR ichiyera simba rechiratidzo chese zvine chekuita neruzha, CNR inotarisisa pakuonekwa kwechimwe chinhu chinopesana nemashure ayo. Mukufungidzira kwesainzi, zvese zvakakosha: SNR inokuudza kuti "kucheneswa" kwemufananidzo kwakazara, ukuwo CNR ichitarisa kana chimwe chinhu chaunofarira chakamira zvakakwana kuti chionekwe kana kuyerwa.
Unoda kudzidza zvakawanda? Tarisa pane zvinoenderana nenyaya:
Quantum Kubudirira muScientific Camera: A Beginner's Guide
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Kodzero dzese dzakachengetwa. Paunenge uchitaura, ndapota bvuma kwakabva:www.tucsen.com
