25/08/05Kubva pamafoni emafoni kusvika kune zviridzwa zvesainzi, ma sensors emifananidzo ari pamwoyo wemazuva ano ekuona tekinoroji. Pakati peizvi, masensa eCMOS ave simba rinotonga, achisimbisa zvese kubva kumifananidzo yemazuva ese kuenda kumberi microscope uye semiconductor yekuongorora.
'Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor' (CMOS) tekinoroji igadziriso yemagetsi uye seti yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira matekinoroji ayo maapplication akafaranuka zvinoshamisa. Chokwadi, tekinoroji yeCMOS inogona kunzi inotsigira zera remazuva ano redhijitari.
Chii chinonzi CMOS Sensor?
CMOS image sensors (CIS) inoshandisa mapixels anoshanda, zvichireva kushandiswa kwematatu kana anopfuura transistors mune yega pixel yekamera. CCD uye EMCCD pixels haina transistors.
Matransistors mupixel yega yega anogonesa aya 'anoshanda' mapikseli kuti adzorerwe, masaini anokwidziridzwa kuburikidza ne 'field effect' transistors, uye data ravo rinowanikwa, zvese zvakafanana. Panzvimbo yeimwe nzira yekuverenga ye sensor yese kana chikamu chakakosha che sensor, aCMOS kamerainosanganisira inokwana mutsara mumwe chete wekuverenga ADCs, imwe (kana kupfuura) ADC yekoramu yega yega sensor. Imwe neimwe yeiyi inogona kuverenga kukosha kwekoramu yavo panguva imwe chete. Kupfuurirazve, idzi 'inoshanda pixel' sensors inoenderana neCMOS dhijitari logic, ichiwedzera iyo inogona kuita sensor mashandiro.
Pamwe chete, hunhu uhwu hunopa CMOS sensors kumhanya kwavo. Asi, nekuda kwekuwedzera uku mukufanana, maADC ega ega anokwanisa kutora nguva yakareba kuyera masaini anoonekwa nekunyatso. Idzi nguva refu dzekushandura dzinobvumira kuderera kwakanyanya kweruzha, kunyangwe kune yakakwira pixel kuverenga. Kutenda kune izvi, uye zvimwe zvitsva, ruzha rwekuverenga rweCMOS sensors rinowanzoita se5x - 10x yakaderera pane yeCCDs.
Makamera emazuva ano esainzi CMOS (sCMOS) imhando yemhando yeCMOS yakagadzirirwa ruzha rwakaderera uye kufungidzira kwepamusoro-soro mumashandisirwo ekutsvaga.
CMOS Sensors Inoshanda Sei? (Kusanganisira Rolling vs Global Shutter)
Kushanda kweyakajairika CMOS sensor inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uye yakatsanangurwa pazasi. Ziva kuti semhedzisiro yemusiyano wekushanda pazasi, nguva uye kushanda kwekuratidzwa kuchasiyana kune yepasi rose neinotenderedza shutter CMOS kamera.
Mufananidzo: Kuverenga maitiro eCMOS sensor
CHERECHEDZA: Maitiro ekuverenga emakamera eCMOS anosiyana pakati pemakamera e'rolling shutter' uye 'global shutter', sekukurukurwa kwazvino muzvinyorwa. Chero zvazvingaitika, pixel yega yega ine capacitor uye amplifier inoburitsa voltage zvichienderana neyakaonekwa photoelectron count. Pamutsara wega wega, ma voltages ekoramu yega yega anoyerwa panguva imwe chete nekoramu analogue kune anoshandura dijitari.
Rolling Shutter
1. Pakutenderedza shutter CMOS sensor, kutangira pamutsara wepamusoro (kana pakati pemakamera e splitsensor), bvisa chaji kubva mumutsara kuti utange kuratidzwa kwemutsara iwoyo.
2. Mushure mokunge 'nguva yemutsara' yapera (kazhinji 5-20 μs), famba uchienda kumutsara unotevera uye dzokorora kubva padanho rekutanga, kusvikira sensor yose yave ichiratidza.
3. Pamutsara wega wega, machaji anoungana panguva yekuratidzwa, kusvika mutsara iwoyo wapedza nguva yawo yekuratidzwa. Mutsara wekutanga kutanga uchapedza kutanga.
4. Kana kuratidzwa kwapera kwemutsara, kuendesa machaji kune kuverenga capacitor uye amplifier.
5. Mhepo yemagetsi mune imwe neimwe amplifier mumutsara iwoyo inobva yabatanidzwa kune column ADC, uye chiratidzo chinoyerwa chepixel yega yega mumutsara.
6. Kuverengera uye kuseta patsva kunotora 'nguva yemutsara' kuti ipedze, mushure meiyo mutsara unotevera wekutanga kuratidzwa unenge wasvika kumagumo enguva yekuratidzwa kwayo, uye maitiro anodzokororwa kubva padanho rechina.
7. Pakangopera kuverenga kumutsara wepamusoro, kupa mutsara wezasi watanga kuburitsa chimiro chazvino, mutsara wepamusoro unogona kutanga kuratidzwa kweiyo inotevera furemu (overlap mode). Kana nguva yekuratidzira ipfupi pane nguva yefuremu, mutsara wepamusoro unofanira kumirira mutsara wepasi kuti utange kuonekwa. Kuratidzwa kupfupi kunobvira kazhinji mutsara mumwe chete.
Tucsen's FL 26BW Yakatonhorera CMOS Kamera, ine Sony IMX533 sensor, inoshandisa iyi rolling shutter tekinoroji.
Global Shutter
1. Kutanga kutora, kubhadharisa kunobviswa panguva imwe chete kubva kune yese sensor (global reset ye pixel zvakanaka).
2. Charge inounganidza panguva yekuratidzwa.
3. Pakupera kwekuratidzwa, mari dzakaunganidzwa dzinoendeswa kutsime rakafukidzwa mukati mepixel yega yega, kwadzinogona kumirira kuverenga pasina mafotoni matsva aonekwa achiverengwa. Mamwe makamera anofambisa machaji mupixel capacitor panguva ino.
4. Nemhosva dzakaonekwa dzakachengetwa munzvimbo yakavharidzirwa yepixel imwe neimwe, nzvimbo inoshanda yepixel inogona kutanga kuratidzwa kweiyo inotevera furemu (inopindirana mode).
5. Nzira yekuverenga kubva kunzvimbo yakavharidzirwa inoenderera mberi seyokutenderera shutter sensors: Mutsara mumwe panguva, kubva kumusoro kwe sensor, mhosva dzinotamirwa kubva kune yakavharidzirwa zvakanaka kusvika kune kuverenga capacitor uye amplifier.
6. Iyo voltage mune yega yega amplifier mumutsara iwoyo yakabatana nekoramu ADC, uye chiratidzo chinoyerwa chese pixel mumutsara.
7. Kuverenga uye kuseta patsva kunotora 'nguva yemutsara' kuti ipere, ipapo maitiro acho achadzokorora kune inotevera mutsara kubva padanho rechishanu.
8. Kana mitsara yose ichinge yaverengwa, kamera yakagadzirira kuverenga furemu inotevera, uye nzira yacho inogona kudzokororwa kubva padanho rechipiri, kana danho rechitatu kana nguva yekuratidzira yatopfuura.
Tucsen's Libra 3412M Mono sCMOS Kamerainoshandisa tekinoroji yepasi rose yevhavha, ichigonesa kujeka uye nekukurumidza kutora kwemasampuli anofamba.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveCMOS Sensors
Pros
● Kumhanya kwakakwirira: Masensa eCMOS anowanzo 1 kusvika ku2 maodha ehukuru nekukurumidza mukufambisa kwedata kupfuura CCD kana EMCCD sensors.
● Masenzi makuru: Inokurumidza data yekufambisa inogonesa yakakwira pixel kuverenga uye yakakura minda yekuona, anosvika makumi kana mazana emamegapixels.
● Ruzha rushoma: Mamwe masensa eCMOS anogona kunge akaverenga ruzha rwakaderera se0.25e-, achikwikwidza EMCCDs asingade kubhadharisa kuwanza iyo inowedzera mamwe manyuko eruzha.
● Pixel saizi inoshanduka: Mutengi uye smartphone kamera sensors kutyaira pixel saizi pasi kusvika ~ 1 μm renji, uye makamera esainzi anosvika 11 μm muhukuru hwepixel akajairika, uye anosvika 16 μm aripo.
● Kuderedza simba rekushandisa: Izvo zvakaderera simba zvinodikanwa zveCMOS kamera zvinovagonesa kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzesainzi uye maindasitiri mashandisirwo.
● Mutengo uye hupenyu hwose: Makamera akaderera eCMOS anowanzofanana kana kuderera mumutengo weCCD makamera, uye yakakwirira-yekupedzisira CMOS makamera yakaderera zvikuru mumutengo kupfuura EMCCD kamera. Hupenyu hwavo hunotarisirwa hwesevhisi hunofanira kupfuura zvakanyanya iyo yeEMCCD kamera.
Cons
● Chivharo chinomonereka: Mazhinji emakamera esainzi eCMOS ane chivharo chinotenderedza, icho chinogona kuwedzera kuomarara kune yekuyedza workflows kana kubvisa mamwe maapplication.
● Kukwirira kwerima gurut: Mazhinji makamera eCMOS ane yakanyanya kusviba yazvino kupfuura CCD neEMCCD masensa, dzimwe nguva achiunza ruzha rwakakosha pakuratidzwa kwenguva refu (> 1 sekondi).
Iko CMOS Sensors Inoshandiswa Nhasi
Nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana, maCMOS sensors anowanikwa mune akawanda akawanda ekushandisa:
● Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, webcams, DSLRs, chiito cams.
● Upenyu Sayenzi: CMOS sensors simbamicroscopy makamerainoshandiswa mukufungidzira kwefluorescence uye kuongororwa kwechiremba.
● Chidzidzo chenyeredzi: Materesikopu uye zvigadziriso zvemuchadenga zvinowanzo shandisa sainzi CMOS (sCMOS) pakugadziriswa kwepamusoro uye ruzha rwakaderera.
● Kuongorora Kwemaindasitiri: Automated optical inspection (AOI), marobhoti, uyemakamera ekuongorora semiconductorvimba neCMOS sensors yekumhanyisa uye nekurongeka.
● Zvemotokari: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), kumashure-kuona uye kupaka makamera.
● Kutarisa & Chengetedzo: Yakaderera-chiedza uye mafambiro ekuona masisitimu.
Kumhanya kwavo uye kudhura-kuita kunoita kuti CMOS ive yekuenda-kune mhinduro kune ese akakwira-vhoriyamu kushandiswa kwekutengesa uye nyanzvi yesainzi basa.
Nei CMOS Yave Yemazuvano Mwero
Kuchinja kubva kuCCD kuenda kuCMOS hakuna kuitika nehusiku humwe, asi zvaive zvisingadzivisiki. Heino chikonzero nei CMOS yave ikozvino ibwe rekona reindasitiri yekufungidzira:
● Kubatsira Kwekugadzira: Yakavakwa payakajairwa semiconductor yekugadzira mitsetse, kuderedza mutengo uye kuvandudza scalability.
● Kubudirira Kwekuita: Rolling uye yepasi rose shutter sarudzo, yakagadziridzwa yakaderera-mwenje senitivity, uye yakakwirira furemu mitengo.
● Kubatanidzwa & Kungwara: CMOS sensors ikozvino inotsigira pa-chip AI kugadzirisa, edge komputa, uye chaiyo-nguva ongororo.
● Innovation: Emerging sensor types like stacked CMOS, quanta image sensors, uye curved sensors akavakwa pamapuratifomu eCMOS.
Kubva kumafoni kusvika kunemakamera esainzi, CMOS yakaratidza kuve inochinjika, ine simba, uye yakagadzirira ramangwana.
Mhedziso
Masensa eCMOS akashanduka kuita chiyero chemazuva ano cheakawanda ekufungidzira maapplication, nekuda kwechiyero chekuita kwavo, kushanda nesimba, uye mutengo. Kunyangwe kubata ndangariro dzemazuva ese kana kuita ongororo yesainzi yepamusoro-soro, tekinoroji yeCMOS inopa hwaro hwenyika ino yekuona.
Sezvo hutsva hwakaita sepasi rose shutter CMOS uye sCMOS ichienderera mberi nekuwedzera hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, hutongi hwayo hwakarongerwa kuenderera mberi kwemakore anotevera.
FAQs
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pechivharo chekuvhara nevhavha yepasi rose?
Chivharo chinotenderedza chinoverenga mufananidzo wedata mutsara nemutsara, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mafambiro ezvigadzirwa (semuenzaniso, skew kana kuzununguka) kana uchibata zvinhu zvinomhanya-mhanya.
Iyo shutter yepasi rose inobata iyo furemu yese panguva imwe chete, ichibvisa kukanganisa kubva pakufamba. Yakanakira kumhanyisa-kumhanya yekufungidzira maapplication semuchina kuona uye kuyedza kwesainzi.
Chii chinonzi Rolling Shutter CMOS Overlap Mode?
Zvekutenderedza shutter CMOS makamera, mune inopindirana modhi, kuratidzwa kweinotevera furemu kunogona kutanga iyo yazvino isati yapedza zvizere, zvichibvumira yakakwirira furemu mareti. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuti kuratidzwa kwemutsara wega wega uye kuverenga kunodzikiswa nenguva.
Iyi modhi inobatsira mumashandisirwo apo yakakura furemu chiyero uye kuburikidza nekubuda kwakakosha, senge mukumhanyisa-kumhanyisa kuongorora kana chaiyo-nguva yekutevera. Nekudaro, inogona kuwedzera zvishoma kuomarara kwenguva uye kuwiriranisa.
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Kodzero dzese dzakachengetwa. Paunenge uchitaura, ndapota bvuma kwakabva:www.tucsen.com
