25/08/08Kwimifanekiso yezoshishino kunye nesayensi, ukubamba izinto ezihamba ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya okuphantsi kunika umngeni oqhubekayo. Kulapho iikhamera ze-Time Delay Integration (TDI) zingena khona. Itekhnoloji ye-TDI idibanisa ulungelelwaniso lwentshukumo kunye nokuvezwa okuninzi ukuhambisa ubuntununtunu obukhethekileyo kunye nokucaca komfanekiso, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinesantya esiphezulu.
Yintoni ikhamera ye-TDI?
Ikhamera ye-TDI yikhamera ekhethekileyo yokuskena umgca othatha imifanekiso yezinto ezihambayo. Ngokungafaniyo neekhamera eziqhelekileyo zendawo yokuskena eziveza isakhelo sonke ngaxeshanye, iikhamera ze-TDI zitshintsha intlawulo ukusuka kumqolo weepikseli ukuya kolandelayo ngolungelelwaniso kunye nentshukumo yento. Umqolo ngamnye wepixel uqokelela ukukhanya njengoko umxholo ushukuma, ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa ixesha lokuvezwa kunye nokwandisa amandla omqondiso ngaphandle kokwazisa ukufiphala kwentshukumo.
Oku kudityaniswa kwentlawulo kukhulisa kakhulu umlinganiso we-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), okwenza iikhamera ze-TDI zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-speed-speed okanye ukukhanya okuphantsi.
Isebenza Njani Ikhamera ye-TDI?
Ukusebenza kwekhamera ye-TDI kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umzobo 1: Ukusebenza kwe-Time Delay Integration (TDI) iinzwa
PHAWULA: Iikhamera ze-TDI zihambisa iintlawulo ezifunyenweyo kuzo zonke 'izigaba' ezininzi ngongqamaniso nomxholo womfanekiso oshukumayo. Inqanaba ngalinye linika ithuba elongezelelweyo lokuvezwa ekukhanyeni. Izotywe nge 'T' eqaqambileyo ehamba ngapha kwekhamera, kunye nekholamu emi-5 ngesigaba esi-5 sesixhobo soluvo lwe-TDI. I-Tucsen Dhyana 9KTDI enentshukumo yentlawulo ye-CCD engumxube kodwa isimbo se-CMOS esihambelanayo.
Iikhamera ze-TDI ziikhamera zokuskena ngokufanelekileyo, ezinomahluko omnye obalulekileyo: endaweni yomqolo omnye weepikseli ezifumana idatha njengoko iikhamera ziskenwa kumxholo womfanekiso, iikhamera ze-TDI zinemiqolo emininzi, eyaziwa ngokuba 'zizigaba', ukuya kuthi ga kuma-256.
Nangona kunjalo, le migca ayenzi umfanekiso we-2-dimensional njengekhamera yendawo yokuskena. Endaweni yoko, njengoko umxholo wokucinga oskeniweyo utyhutyha inzwa yekhamera, ii-photoelectrons ezichongiweyo ngaphakathi kwepikseli nganye shuffle ukuya kumqolo olandelayo ngongqamaniso kunye nokuhamba kwesihloko sokucinga, ngaphandle kokuba zifundwe. Umqolo ngamnye owongezelelweyo ke unika ithuba elongezelelweyo lokubonisa umxholo womfanekiso ekukhanyeni. Kuphela kanye ukuba isilayidi somfanekiso sifikelele kumqolo wokugqibela weepikseli zoluvo kukuba lo mqolo ugqithiselwe kulwakhiwo olufundwayo lomlinganiselo.
Yiyo loo nto, ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo emininzi eyenzekayo kuwo onke amanqanaba ekhamera, mnye kuphela umzekelo wengxolo yokufunda yekhamera owaziswayo. Ikhamera ye-256 yesigaba se-TDI igcina isampuli kwimboniselo ye-256 amaxesha ubude, kwaye ngoko inamaxesha e-256 ixesha elide lokuvezwa kunekhamera yekhamera elinganayo. Ixesha elilinganayo lokuvezwa kunye nekhamera yendawo yokuskena kuya kuvelisa ukufiphala kwentshukumo egqithileyo, inike umfanekiso ongenamsebenzi.
Inokusetyenziswa nini i-TDI?
Iikhamera ze-TDI zisisisombululo esigqwesileyo kuso nasiphi na isicelo somfanekiso apho umxholo womfanekiso ukwintshukumo ehambelana nekhamera, ukubonelela ukuba intshukumo iyafana kwimbono yekhamera.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-imaging ye-TDI ke ngoko kubandakanya, kwelinye icala, zonke ezo zokukhangela umgca apho imifanekiso ye-2-dimensional yenziwe, ngelixa izisa isantya esiphezulu, ukuphuculwa kakhulu kokukhanya okuphantsi kokukhanya, umgangatho womfanekiso ongcono, okanye zonke ezintathu ngaxeshanye. Kwelinye icala, zininzi iindlela zokucinga ezisebenzisa iikhamera ze-area-scan apho iikhamera ze-TDI zinokusetyenziswa.
Kwi-sCMOS TDI enovakalelo oluphezulu, umfanekiso 'wethayile kunye nomthungo' kwi-biological fluorescence microscopy unokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iskeni esingapheliyo seqonga endaweni yokufaka iithayile. Okanye yonke i-TDI inokulungela kakuhle izicelo zokuhlola. Esinye isicelo esibalulekileyo se-TDI kukucinga ukuhamba kwe-cytometry, apho imifanekiso ye-fluorescence yeeseli ifunyanwa njengoko idlula ikhamera ngelixa ihamba nge-microfluidic channel.
IiPros and Cons of sCMOS TDI
IiPros
● Iyakwazi ukufota imifanekiso ene-2-dimensional yesayizi engafanelekanga ngesantya esiphezulu xa uskena kumxholo womfanekiso.
● Izigaba ezininzi ze-TDI, ingxolo ephantsi, kunye ne-QE ephezulu inokukhokelela kubuntununtunu obuphezulu kakhulu kuneekhamera zokuskena umgca.
● Izantya eziphezulu kakhulu zokufunda zinokufumaneka, umzekelo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-510,000Hz (imigca ngesekhondi), kumfanekiso we-9,072-pixel-wide.
●Ukukhanyisa kufuna kuphela ukuba ne-1-dimensional kwaye ayinakufuna ibala elisicaba okanye ezinye izilungiso kwidimension yesibini (eskenweyo). Ukongeza, amaxesha okuvezwa amade xa kuthelekiswa nesikena somgca 'anokugudisa' ukufinyaza ngenxa yemithombo yokukhanya ye-AC.
● Imifanekiso eshukumayo inokufunyanwa ngaphandle kobumnyama obushukumayo kunye nesantya esiphezulu kunye novakalelo.
●Ukuskena iindawo ezinkulu kunokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneekhamera zokuskena kwindawo.
● Ngesoftwe ephucukileyo okanye ukucupha ukuseta, imo 'yendawo yokuskena-efana' inokubonelela ngoshwankathelo lwendawo yojoliso nolungelelwaniso.
Ububi
● Ingxolo ephezulu kuneekhamera ze-sCMOS eziqhelekileyo, okuthetha ukuba usetyenziso lokukhanya okuphantsi kakhulu akude kufikeleleke.
● Ifuna iiseti zeengcali ezineziqhushumbisi eziqhubela phambili ukulungelelanisa intshukumo yesihloko somfanekiso kunye nokuskena kwekhamera, ulawulo oluhle kakhulu kwisantya sentshukumo, okanye uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwesantya ukwenza ungqamaniso.
● Njengobuchwephesha obutsha, zimbalwa izisombululo ezikhoyo ngoku zehardware kunye nokuphunyezwa kwesoftware.
Ukukhanya okuphantsi-ekwaziyo i-sCMOS TDI
Ngelixa i-TDI njengobuchule bokwenza umfanekiso-ngqondweni yandulela umfanekiso wedijithali, kwaye kudala igqithile kumgca wokuskena ekusebenzeni, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kuphela iikhamera ze-TDI ziye zafumana ubuntununtunu obufunekayo ukufikelela kwiinkqubo zokukhanya okuphantsi eziya kufuna ngokuqhelekileyo ubuntununtunu bomgangatho wesayensi.Iikhamera ze-sCMOS.
'sCMOS TDI' idibanisa intshukumo yesimbo seCCD sentlawulo ngapha kwesixhobo soluvo kunye nesimbo sokufunda se-sCMOS, kunye nezivamvo ezikhanyiselwe ngasemva ezikhoyo. Ikhamera yangaphambili esekwe kwiCCD-esekwe kwi-CMOS** ye-TDI ecotha kakhulu, izibalo ezincinci zepixel, izigaba ezimbalwa, kwaye ifunde ingxolo phakathi kwe-30e- kunye ne>100e-. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-sCMOS TDI efana neTucsenIkhamera ye-Dhyana 9KTDI sCMOSinika ingxolo yokufunda ye-7.2e-, idityaniswe nokusebenza okuphezulu komyinge ngokukhanyiselwa ngasemva, ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-TDI kwizicelo ezisezantsi kakhulu zokukhanya kunokuba kunokwenzeka ngaphambili.
Kwizicelo ezininzi, amaxesha okuvezwa amade anikwe amandla yinkqubo ye-TDI inokuhlawula ngaphezulu kokunyuswa kwengxolo yokufunda xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho ophezulu weekhamera ze-sCMOS ze-scan kunye nesandi sokufunda kufutshane ne-1e-.
Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lweeKhamera ze-TDI
Iikhamera ze-TDI zifumaneka kumashishini amaninzi apho ukuchaneka kunye nesantya zibaluleke ngokulinganayo:
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-wafer ye-semiconductor
● Uvavanyo lwe-Flat panel display (FPD).
● Ukuhlolwa kwewebhu (iphepha, ifilimu, ifoyile, amalaphu)
● Ukuskena ngeX-reyi kuxilongo lwezonyango okanye ukujongwa kwemithwalo
● Isilayidi kunye ne-multi-well plate scanning kwi-digital pathology
● I-hyperspectral imaging kwi-remote sensor okanye kwezolimo
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCB kunye nombane kwimigca ye-SMT
Ezi zicelo zizuza kumahluko ophuculweyo, isantya, kunye nokucaca okubonelela ngomfanekiso we-TDI phantsi kwemiqobo yehlabathi yokwenyani.
Umzekelo: Isilayidi kunye ne-Multi-Well Plate Scanning
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, isicelo esinye esinesithembiso esibalulekileyo seekhamera ze-sCMOS TDI kukuthunga usetyenziso, kubandakanya isilayidi okanye ukuskena kwepleyiti kaninzi. Ukuskena iisampulu ezinkulu zefluorescent okanye ifildi ekhanyayo yemicroscope ngeekhamera ze-2-dimensional area kuxhomekeke ekuthungeni igridi yemifanekiso eyenziwe kwiintshukumo ezininzi zesigaba se-XY semakroskopu. Umfanekiso ngamnye ufuna ukuba iqonga liyeke, lizinzise, lize liqalise kwakhona, kunye nalo naluphi na ulibaziseko lwesivalo esiqengqelekayo. I-TDI, kwelinye icala, inokufumana imifanekiso ngelixa iqonga lihamba. Umfanekiso uya kwenziwa kwinani elincinane 'lemicu' emide, nganye igquma bonke ububanzi besampulu. Oku kunokubanakho ukukhokelela kwizantya eziphezulu kakhulu zokufunyanwa kunye nokugqithiswa kwedatha kuzo zonke izicelo zokuthunga, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomfanekiso.
Isantya apho inqanaba linokuhamba khona lihambelana ngokungafaniyo nexesha elipheleleyo lokuvezwa kwekhamera ye-TDI, ngoko ke amaxesha amafutshane (i-1-20ms) anika ukuphuculwa okukhulu kwisantya somfanekiso xa kuthelekiswa neekhamera zokuskena kwendawo, enokuthi emva koko iholele kumyalelo wobukhulu okanye ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kwixesha elipheleleyo lokufumana. Kumaxesha amade okuvezwa (umzekelo> 100ms), indawo yokuskena inokugcina iadvanteji yexesha.
Umzekelo womfanekiso omkhulu kakhulu (2 Gigapixel) we-fluorescence microscopy owenziwe kwimizuzwana nje elishumi ubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Umfanekiso olinganayo owenziwe ngekhamera yendawo yokuskena unokulindelwa ukuba uthathe ukuya kwimizuzu emininzi.
Umzobo 2: Umfanekiso we-2 weGigapixel owenziwe kwimizuzwana eyi-10 ngokuskena kwe-TDI kunye nokuthunga.
PHAWULA: Umfanekiso we-10x wokukhulisa ofunyenwe kusetyenziswa iTucsen Dhyana 9kTDI yamachaphaza osiba oqaqambisa ajongwe ngemakroskopu yefluorescence. Ifunyanwe ngemizuzwana eyi-10 kusetyenziswa i-3.6 ms ixesha lokuba sesichengeni. Imilinganiselo yomfanekiso: 30mm x 17mm, 58,000 x 34,160 pixels.
Ungqamaniso lwe-TDI
Ungqamaniso lwekhamera ye-TDI kunye nomxholo womfanekiso (ukuya kwiipesenti ezimbalwa) kubalulekile - ukungalingani kwesantya kuya kukhokelela kwisiphumo 'sokufiphala kwentshukumo'. Olu ngqamaniso lunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini:
Ukuqikelela: Isantya sekhamera simiselwe ukuhambelana nesantya sentshukumo esekwe kulwazi lwesantya sentshukumo yesampulu, i-optics (ukukhulisa), kunye nobukhulu bepixel yekhamera. Okanye ukuzama kunye nempazamo.
Iyaqhutywa: Izigaba ezininzi ze-microscope, i-gantries kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuhambisa izifundo ze-imaging zingabandakanya ii-encoders ezithumela i-trigger pulse kwikhamera kumgama onikiweyo wokuhamba. Oku kuvumela iqonga / i-gantry kunye nekhamera ukuba ihlale i-sync ngaphandle kwesantya sokuhamba.
Iikhamera ze-TDI vs. Iskena somgca kunye neekhamera zokuskena indawo
Nantsi indlela i-TDI ethelekisa ngayo nezinye iitekhnoloji zokucinga ezidumileyo:
| Uphawu | Ikhamera ye-TDI | Ikhamera yokuskena ngomgca | Indawo yokuskena ikhamera |
| Uvakalelo | Phezulu kakhulu | Phakathi | Phantsi ukuya Phakathi |
| Umgangatho Womfanekiso (intshukumo) | Egqwesileyo | Kulungile | Imfiliba ngesantya esiphezulu |
| IiMfuno zokukhanyisa | Phantsi | Phakathi | Phezulu |
| Ukuhambelana kweMotion | Igqwesile (ukuba idityanisiwe) | Kulungile | Ubuhlwempu |
| Engcono Kwi | Isantya esiphezulu, ukukhanya okuphantsi | Izinto ezihamba ngokukhawuleza | Imiboniso engatshintshiyo okanye ecothayo |
I-TDI lukhetho olucacileyo xa indawo ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye amanqanaba okukhanya alinganiselwe. Iskena somgca linyathelo ezantsi kubuntununtunu, ngelixa indawo yokuskena ingcono kulungiselelo olulula okanye olumileyo.
Ukukhetha iKhamera ye-TDI eLungileyo
Xa ukhetha ikhamera ye-TDI, qwalasela oku kulandelayo:
● Inani lezigaba ze-TDI: Amanqanaba amaninzi anyusa i-SNR, kodwa kunye neendleko kunye nobunzima.
● Uhlobo lwenzwa: i-sCMOS ikhethwa ngenxa yesantya kunye nengxolo ephantsi; I-CCD isenokufaneleka kwezinye iinkqubo zelifa.
● I-Interface: Qinisekisa ukuhambelana nenkqubo yakho-I-Camera Link, i-CoaXPress, kunye ne-10GigE zikhetho eziqhelekileyo, i-100G CoF kunye ne-40G CoF ziye zavela njengeendlela ezintsha.
● Impendulo yeSpectral: Khetha phakathi kwe-monochrome, umbala, okanye kufuphi ne-infrared (NIR) ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zesicelo.
● Iinketho zongqamaniso: Jonga iifitsha ezinje ngegalelo leekhowudi okanye inkxaso yesiqhumiso sangaphandle ukulungiselela ulungelelwaniso lwentshukumo olungcono.
Ukuba isicelo sakho sibandakanya iisampulu zebhayoloji eziethe-ethe, ukuhlolwa kwesantya esiphezulu, okanye indawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi, i-sCMOS TDI inokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Iikhamera ze-TDI zimele indaleko enamandla kwitekhnoloji yokucinga, ngakumbi xa yakhelwe kwi-sCMOS sensors. Ngokudibanisa ulungelelwaniso lwentshukumo kunye nokudityaniswa kwemigca emininzi, banikezela ngobuntununtunu obungahambelaniyo kunye nokucaca kwezinto eziguquguqukayo, ezinokukhanya okuphantsi.
Nokuba uhlola ii-wafers, iskena izilayidi, okanye uhlola ngesantya esiphezulu, ukuqonda ukuba isebenza njani i-TDI kunokukunceda ukhethe esona sisombululo phakathi.iikhamera zenzululwazikwimingeni yakho yomfanekiso.
FAQ
Ngaba iikhamera ze-TDI zingasebenza kwindawo yokuskena kwindawo?
Iikhamera ze-TDI zinokwenza (ezincinci kakhulu) imifanekiso ye-2-dimensional kwimo 'yendawo yokuskena-efana', ephunyezwe ngeqhinga le-sensor ixesha. Oku kunokuba luncedo kwimisebenzi efana nokugxila kunye nokulungelelaniswa.
Ukuqala 'i-area-scan exposure', isivamvo soluvo kuqala 'sicocwa' ngokuqhubela phambili i-TDI ubuncinane amanyathelo amaninzi njengoko ikhamera inezigaba, ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, emva koko ime. Oku kuphunyezwa ngolawulo lwesoftware, okanye ngokuxhokonxa ihardware, kwaye kwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo ebumnyameni. Umzekelo, ikhamera enamanqanaba angama-256 kufuneka ifunde ubuncinci imigca engama-256, emva koko ime. Le migca ye-256 yedatha ilahliwe.
Ngelixa ikhamera ingavuswa okanye imigca ifundwe ngaphandle, i-sensor iziphatha njengesensi yokuskena yendawo eveza umfanekiso.
Ixesha lokuvezwa elinqwenelekayo kufuneka lidlule emva kokungenzi nto kwekhamera, ngaphambi kokuba ikhamera iphinde iqhubele phambili ubuncinane ngenani lezigaba, ufunda umgca ngamnye womfanekiso osanda kufunyanwa. Kwakhona, esi sigaba 'sokufunda' kufuneka senzeke ebumnyameni.
Obu buchwephesha bunokuphinda-phindwa ukunika 'imboniso ephilayo' okanye ulandelelwano lwemifanekiso yendawo yokuskena ngokugqwetheka okuncinci kunye nomfiliba ukusuka kumsebenzi we-TDI.
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