Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngamakhamera Okuskena Ulayini |

Amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa angamadivayisi akhethekile wokuthwebula aklanyelwe ukuthwebula izithombe zokucaca okuphezulu kwezinto ezihambayo noma eziqhubekayo. Ngokungafani namakhamera avamile wokuskena endawo athwebula isithombe se-2D ekuvezweni okukodwa, amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa akha izithombe ngomugqa ngomugqa—alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokuhlola iwebhu, ukuhlaziya i-semiconductor, nokuqinisekisa ukupakisha.

Lawa makhamera ngokuvamile afaka umugqa owodwa wamaphikseli (noma ngezinye izikhathi imigqa eminingi), futhi uma ehlanganiswe nesihloko esinyakazayo noma isistimu yokuskena, angakhiqiza izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu ze-2D zezinto zanoma ibuphi ubude. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenzwa, amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa ngokuvamile asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe benzwa ye-CCD noma ye-CMOS—obufana nalokho okutholakala ezindaweni eziningi.Amakhamera we-CMOS-lapho i-CMOS isiba yinketho ekhethwayo ngenxa yejubane namandla ayo.

Iyini Ikhamera Yokuthwebula Ulayini?

Amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa ngokuvamile alungiselelwe izimboni esikhundleni sokusetshenziswa kwesayensi, futhi angase abe nemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kokukhanya okuphansi noma okunembe kakhulu. Umsindo wokufunda okuphezulu, amaphikseli amancane kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-quantum ngokuvamile okungasho ukuthi lawa makhamera adinga amazinga okukhanya aphezulu ukuze alethe i-SNR esebenzayo.

Amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa angasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

I-1-Dimensional Capture

Ulwazi olunohlangothi olulodwa lungathathwa, njengasezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-spectroscopy. Imiphumela ivame ukumelelwa ngendlela yegrafu kusofthiwe yekhamera, ngokushuba ku-y-eksisi uma kuqhathaniswa nephikseli yekhamera ku-x-eksisi.

2-Dimensional Capture

Ikhamera 'ingaskenwa' esihlokweni sokuthwebula, ngokuhambisa ikhamera noma isihloko sesithombe, futhi isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezi-2 singakhiwa ngokuthwebula izingcezu ze-1-dimensional ezilandelanayo.

Lolu hlobo lokuthwebula luvumela ukuthwebula izithombe ezinkulu ngokunganaki kubukhulu bokuskena. Ikhono lokuthwebula izifundo ohambweni ngaphandle kokufiphalisa ukunyakaza (noma ubuciko be-shutter rolling) lisho ukuthi amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimboni, emigqeni yokuhlanganisa, ukuhlolwa kwezihloko ezinkulu zezithombe, nokunye.

Isebenza Kanjani Ikhamera Yeskena Solayini?

Ikhamera yokuskena ngomugqa isebenza ngokuhambisana nento ehambayo noma indlela yokuskena. Njengoba into idlula ngaphansi kwekhamera, umugqa ngamunye wesithombe ushuthwa ngokulandelana kwesikhathi. Le migqa bese ihlanganiswa ngesikhathi sangempela noma ngesofthiwe ukuze kukhiqizwe isithombe esigcwele se-2D.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile zifaka:

● Inzwa engu-1-Dimensional: Ngokuvamile umugqa owodwa wamaphikseli.
● Ukulawula ukunyakaza: I-conveyor noma indlela ejikelezayo iqinisekisa ngisho nokunyakaza.
● Ukukhanyisa: Ngokuvamile ukukhanya komugqa noma kwe-coaxial ukuze kukhanye okungaguquki.

Ngenxa yokuthi isithombe sakhiwe umugqa ngomugqa, ukuvumelanisa kubalulekile. Uma into ihamba ngokungahambisani noma isikhathi sivaliwe, ukuhlanekezela kwesithombe kungenzeka.

Iskena Solayini vs. Amakhamera Okuhlola Indawo

Isici	Ikhamera yokuskena ngomugqa	Indawo Scan Ikhamera
Ukuthwebula Isithombe	Umugqa owodwa ngesikhathi	Uhlaka olugcwele lwe-2D ngesikhathi esisodwa
Ukusetshenziswa Okufanelekile	Izinto ezihambayo noma eziqhubekayo	Izigcawu ezimile noma ezifinyeziwe
Usayizi Wesithombe	Cishe akunamkhawulo ngobude	Ikhawulelwe ngosayizi wenzwa
Ukuhlanganisa	Idinga ukunyakaza kanye nokulawula isikhathi	Ukusetha okulula
Izicelo Ezijwayelekile	Ukuhlolwa kwewebhu, ukuphrinta, izindwangu	Ukuskena ibhakhodi, amarobhothi, ukuthwebula izithombe okuvamile

Ngamafuphi, amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa ahamba phambili uma ethwebula izinto ezihamba ngokushesha noma ezinkulu kakhulu. Amakhamera okuskena endawo afaneleka kangcono izinhlelo zokusebenza ezineziqondiso ezimile noma ezincane.

Izici Ezibalulekile Zamakhamera Okuhlola Umugqa

Lapho ukhetha ikhamera yokuskena umugqa, cabanga ngokucaciswa okulandelayo:

● Isinqumo: Inani lamaphikseli ngomugqa ngamunye, elithinta ileveli yemininingwane.
● Izinga Lomugqa (Hz): Inombolo yemigqa ethathwe ngesekhondi ngayinye—ibalulekile ekuhlolweni kwesivinini esikhulu.
● Uhlobo lwenzwa: I-CMOS (amandla asheshayo, aphansi) vs. CCD (ikhwalithi yesithombe ephezulu kwezinye izimo).
● Isixhumi esibonakalayo: Izinketho zokudlulisa idatha njenge-GigE, Isixhumanisi Sekhamera, noma i-CoaXPress.
● I-Dynamic Range & Ukuzwela: Kubalulekile ukuhlola izinto ezinokukhanya okuguquguqukayo noma ukukhanya.
● Umbala vs. I-Monochrome: Amakhamera ombala asebenzisa imigqa eminingi enezihlungi ze-RGB; i-monochrome ingase inikeze ukuzwela okuphezulu.

Izinzuzo Nezingozi Zokuthwebula Amakhamera

Izinzuzo

Ingathwebula ulwazi lwe-1-dimensional ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu (ngokujwayelekile ikalwa ngo-100s wezinga lomugqa we-kHz). Ingakwazi ukuthwebula izithombe ezinobukhulu obungu-2 zosayizi obuthile ngesivinini esikhulu uma iskena esihlokweni esithathwayo.

Ingakwazi ukuthwebula ulwazi lombala ngaphandle kokudela ukulungiswa ngokusebenzisa imigqa ehlungiwe ebomvu, eluhlaza-luhlaza, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma amakhamera angokwezifiso anganikeza ukuhlunga kwe-wavelength ethile.

Ukukhanyisa kudinga kuphela ukuba ne-1-dimensional futhi, kuye ngokusethwa kwesithombe, akukwazi ukudinga indawo eyisicaba noma ezinye izilungiso kubukhulu besibili (okuskeniwe).

Ububi

Idinga izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezikhethekile nezinhlelo zesofthiwe ukuze uthole idatha ye-2-dimensional.

Ngokuvamile ayifaneleki kahle ezithombeni ezinokukhanya okuphansi ngenxa ye-QE ephansi, umsindo ophezulu namasayizi amaphikseli amancane, ikakhulukazi kuhlanganiswe nezikhathi zokuchayeka ezimfushane ezijwayelekile zokuskena ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ngokuvamile akuhloselwe ukuthwebula izithombe zesayensi, ngakho umugqa kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe ingase ibe mbi.

Izicelo Ezivamile Zamakhamera Okuhlola Umugqa Enkambini Yesayensi

Amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa asetshenziswa kakhulu ocwaningweni lwesayensi nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokuthwebula ezithuthukile ezidinga ukulungiswa okuphezulu, ukunemba, nokutholwa kwedatha okuqhubekayo. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kufaka:

● I-Microscopy Imaging: Ithwebula izikena zomugqa wokucaca okuphezulu ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okungaphezulu noma kweselula.
● I-Spectroscopy: Ukurekhoda idatha ye-spectral kuwo wonke amasampuli ngokulungiswa kwendawo okunembayo.
● Isayensi yezinkanyezi: Ukufanekisa izinto zasezulwini noma ukulandelela okuqondiwe okuhamba ngokushesha ngokuhlanekezela okuncane.
● Isayensi Yezinto Zokusebenza: Ukuhlolwa kwendawo kanye nokutholwa kokukhubazeka ezinsimbi, ama-polymer, noma izinhlanganisela.
● I-Biomedical Imaging: Ukuskena izicubu zebhayoloji ngezinjongo zokuxilonga noma zocwaningo, okuhlanganisa i-histology ne-pathology.

Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ziyazuza ekhonweni lekhamera yokuskena umugqa wokukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi, ezingahlanekezelwe ezindaweni ezinwetshiwe noma ekusetheni kokuhlola okuguquguqukayo.

Imikhawulo Yamakhamera Okuhlola Umugqa

I-Schematic Diagram: I-Tucsen High-Sensitivity Line Scan/TDI Scientific Camera

Kwesokunxele: Ikhamera Yeskena Yendawo Engapholile

Maphakathi: TDI Scientific Camera

Kulungile: Ikhamera Yeskena Yendawo Epholile

Nakuba amakhamera we-line scan enikeza ukulungiswa okuhle kakhulu futhi afaneleka kahle ukuthwebula izithombe ngokuqhubekayo, anemikhawulo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithuthukisiwe zesayensi lapho ukuzwela nokuzinza kwesignali kubalulekile.

Omunye umkhawulo omkhulu ukusebenza kwazo ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi. Amakhamera avamile wokuskena umugqa athembele ekuchazweni kwephasi eyodwa, okungenzeka anganikezi isilinganiso esanele sesignali-kuya-noise (SNR) uma ethwebula amasampula angakhanyi kahle noma azwela ukukhanya, njengakumakroskopu e-fluorescence noma ama-biomedical assay athile. Ukwengeza, ukuzuza ukuvumelanisa okunembile phakathi kokunyakaza kwento nokutholwa kwesithombe kungase kudingeke ngokobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ekusetheni okubandakanya isivinini esishintshashintshayo noma ukudlidliza.

Esinye isithiyo ikhono labo elilinganiselwe lokuthwebula izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu zezibonelo ezihamba kancane kakhulu noma ezikhanyisiwe ngokungalingani, okungase kubangele ukuchayeka okungahambisani noma ama-artifact anyakazayo.

Ukuze unqobe lezi zinselele, amakhamera we-TDI (Time Delay Integration) avele njengenye indlela enamandla. Ngokuqongelela isignali kukho konke ukuchayeka okuningi njengoba into ihamba, amakhamera e-TDI athuthukisa kakhulu ukuzwela nekhwalithi yesithombe, awenze abe yigugu ngokukhethekile emikhakheni yesayensi edinga isithombe esinokukhanya okuphansi kakhulu, ububanzi obuguquguqukayo obuphezulu, noma ukulungiswa kwesikhashana okunembile.

Isiphetho

Amakhamera wokuskena ngomugqa angamathuluzi abalulekile ezimbonini ezidinga isithombe esinesivinini esikhulu, sokucaca okuphezulu sezindawo ezihambayo noma eziqhubekayo. Indlela yabo yokuskena ehlukile inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ngaphezu kwamakhamera okuskena endawo ezimeni ezifanele, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokuhlola iwebhu, ukuthwebula isithombe se-semiconductor, kanye nokupakishwa okuzenzakalelayo.

Nakuba amakhamera we-line scan asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kuzilungiselelo zezimboni, abasebenzisi abadinga ukuzwela okuphezulu noma ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi bangase bazuze ekuhloleni.amakhamera esayensiyakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthwebula izithombe ezinembayo.

Ukuqonda ukuthi amakhamera we-line scan asebenza kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha eyodwa kuzokusiza ukuthi uklame amasistimu okuhlola ahlakaniphile, athembeke kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ikhamera yesikena somugqa ithwebula kanjani izithombe zombala?

Amakhamera wokuskena umugqa wombala ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinzwa ezinemigqa emithathu, equkethe imigqa emithathu ehambisanayo yamaphikseli, ngamunye onesihlungi esibomvu, esiluhlaza, noma esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Njengoba into idlula inzwa, umugqa wombala ngamunye uthwebula isiteshi sawo ngokulandelana kwawo. Lezi zibe sezihlanganiswa ukuze zakhe isithombe esinombala ogcwele. Ukuvumelanisa okunembile kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukungahambi kahle kombala, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esiphezulu.

Ungayikhetha Kanjani Ikhamera Yeskena Yomugqa Ongakwesokudla

Ukukhetha ikhamera efanele kuncike ezidingweni zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe:

● Izimfuneko Zesivinini: Thola izidingo zesilinganiso sakho ngokususelwe kusivinini sento.
● Izidingo Zokuxazulula: Qondanisa isixazululo nokubekezelela kwakho ukuhlolwa.
● Ukukhanyisa Nendawo Ezungezile: Cabangela ukukhanya okukhethekile kwezindawo ezikhanyayo noma ezimnyama.
● Uhlobo lwenzwa: I-CMOS isiyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ngesivinini nokusebenza kahle kwayo, kuyilapho ama-CCD ahlala esetshenziselwa ifa namasistimu abaluleke kakhulu.
● Ukuxhumana: Qinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yakho isekela isixhumi esibonakalayo sekhamera (isb, i-CoaXPress yamanani aphezulu edatha).
● Isabelomali: Ukusebenza kwebhalansi nezindleko zesistimu, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya, okokubona, nezibambi zozimele.

Uma ungabaza, thintana nochwepheshe bombono womshini noma umdayisi ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana nomklamo wakho wesistimu nezinjongo zohlelo lokusebenza.

Mingaki imigqa yekhamera yokuskena umugqa we-monochrome?

Ikhamera evamile yokuskena komugqa we-monochrome ngokuvamile inomugqa owodwa wamaphikseli, kodwa amanye amamodeli afaka imigqa ehambisanayo emibili noma ngaphezulu. Lezi zinzwa ezinemigqa eminingi zingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe ngokulinganisa ukuchayeka okuningi, ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela, noma ukuthwebula ama-engeli okukhanyisa ahlukene.

Nakuba amakhamera omugqa owodwa anele ukuhlola okuningi kwesivinini esikhulu, izinguqulo zemigqa emibili nemine zinikeza ukusebenza okungcono ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka khona umsindo ophansi noma ububanzi obuguquguqukayo obuphezulu.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokuskena komugqa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zezithombe ezinomkhawulo wokukhanya, bheka ku-athikili yethu:

Ukusheshisa ukutholwa okukhawulelwe kokukhanya nge-Line Scan TDI Imaging

Kungani I-TDI Technology Izuza Isisekelo Ekufanekisweni Kwezimboni

I-Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Wonke amalungelo agodliwe. Uma ucaphuna, sicela wazise umthombo:www.tucsen.com