25/08/15Emfanekisweni wesayensi, ukunemba yikho konke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthwebula amasignali e-fluorescence anokukhanya okuphansi noma ulandelela izinto ezisemkhathini ezifiphele, ikhono lekhamera yakho lokuthola ukukhanya lithonya ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yemiphumela yakho. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa evame ukungaqondwa kahle, kule zibalo ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum (QE).
Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuqondisa ukuthi iyini i-QE, kungani ibalulekile, ichazwa kanjani imininingwane ye-QE, nokuthi iqhathaniswa kanjani nezinhlobo zezinzwa. Uma usemakethe ye-ikhamera yesayensinoma uzama nje ukwenza umqondo wemininingwane yekhamera, lokhu kungokwakho.
Umfanekiso: Izibonelo zejika lekhamera ye-QE evamile yaseTucsen
(a)Aries 6510(b)I-Dhyana 6060BSI(c)Libra 22
Kuyini Ukusebenza Kwe-Quantum?
I-Quantum Efficiency amathuba okuthi i-photon efinyelela kunzwa yekhamera itholwe ngempela, futhi ikhiphe i-photoelectron ku-silicon.
Ezigabeni eziningi ohambweni lwe-photon oluya kuleli phuzu, kunezithiyo ezingamunca ama-photon noma ziwabonise kude. Ukwengeza, akukho lutho olubonisa ngale ngo-100% kuwo wonke ama-photon wavelength, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ekubunjweni kwezinto ezinethuba lokubonisa noma lokuhlakaza ama-photon.
Kuvezwe njengephesenti, ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kuchazwa ngokuthi:
QE (%) = (Inani lama-electron akhiqiziwe / Inani lamafotoni esigameko) × 100
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
●I-QE yangaphandle: Ukusebenza okulinganiselwe kufaka phakathi imithelela efana nokuboniswa nokulahlekelwa kokudlulisela.
●I-QE yangaphakathi: Ilinganisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa ngaphakathi kwenzwa ngokwayo, kucatshangwa ukuthi wonke ama-photon amunnyiwe.
I-QE ephezulu isho ukuzwela kokukhanya okungcono kanye namasiginali esithombe aqinile, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezinokukhanya okuphansi noma ezinomkhawulo we-photon.
Kungani I-Quantum Effective Ibalulekile Kumakhamera Wesayensi?
Emfanekisweni, kuhlala kusiza ukuthwebula amaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu amafoton angenayo esingawathola, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezifuna ukuzwela okuphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, izinzwa eziphezulu ze-quantum zivame ukubiza kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yenselelo yobunjiniyela yokukhulisa isici sokugcwalisa ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza kwe-pixel, futhi nangenxa yenqubo yokukhanyisa emuva. Le nqubo, njengoba uzofunda, inika amandla ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum ephezulu kakhulu-kodwa iza nobunzima bokukhiqiza obukhuphuka kakhulu.
Njengakho konke ukucaciswa kwekhamera, isidingo sokusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sikalwe ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izici zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwesithombe oluthile. Isibonelo, ukwethula i-shutter yomhlaba wonke kungaletha izinzuzo zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, kodwa ngokuvamile azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kunzwa ye-BI. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudinga ukungezwa kwe-transistor eyengeziwe kuphikseli. Lokhu kunganciphisa isici sokugcwalisa futhi yingakho ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum, noma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinzwa ze-FI.
Isibonelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho i-QE ingabaluleka khona
Izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlelo zokusebenza:
● Ukukhanya okuphansi nesithombe se-fluorescence samasampula ebhayoloji angagxili
● Ukuthwebula izithombe ngesivinini esiphezulu
● Izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuningi ezidinga ukulinganiswa kokuqina okunembayo okuphezulu
I-QE ngohlobo lwenzwa
Ubuchwepheshe benzwa yesithombe obuhlukene bubonisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum okuhlukile. Nansi indlela i-QE evame ukuqhathanisa ngayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa ezinkulu:
I-CCD (Idivayisi Ehlanganisiwe Yeshaja)
Imifanekiso yesayensi ethandwa ngokwesiko ngomsindo wabo ophansi kanye ne-QE ephezulu, evame ukuphakama phakathi kuka-70-90%. Ama-CCD ahamba phambili ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-astronomy kanye nesithombe sokuchayeka isikhathi eside.
I-CMOS (I-Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)
Uma ikhawulelwe i-QE ephansi nomsindo wokufunda ophezulu, izinzwa zesimanje ze-CMOS—ikakhulukazi imiklamo ekhanyiselwe emuva—zibambe phezulu kakhulu. Abaningi manje bafinyelela amanani aphezulu e-QE angaphezu kuka-80%, anikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngamazinga ozimele asheshayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
Hlola uhla lwethu lokuthuthukileIkhamera ye-CMOSamamodeli ukubona ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bufike kude kangakanani, njengokuthiIkhamera ye-Tucsen Libra 3405M sCMOS, ikhamera yesayensi ezwela kakhulu edizayinelwe ukufuna izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokukhanya okuphansi.
I-sCMOS (Scientific CMOS)
Ikilasi elikhethekile le-CMOS elakhelwe ukuthwebula kwesayensi,Ikhamera ye-sCMOSubuchwepheshe buhlanganisa i-QE ephezulu (imvamisa engu-70–95%) nomsindo ophansi, ububanzi obuguquguqukayo obuphezulu, nokutholwa ngokushesha. Ilungele izithombe zamaseli aphilayo, i-microscopy enesivinini esikhulu, kanye ne-multi-channel fluorescence.
Indlela Yokufunda Ijika Lokusebenza Kwe-Quantum
Abakhiqizi bavamise ukushicilela ijika le-QE elihlela ukusebenza kahle (%) kuwo wonke amaza obude (nm). Lawa majika abalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi ikhamera isebenza kanjani kububanzi obuthile bokubukeka.
Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke:
●Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-QE: Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ngokuvamile ebangeni elingu-500–600 nm (ukukhanya okuluhlaza).
●Ububanzi be-Wavelength: Iwindi le-spectral elisebenzisekayo lapho i-QE ihlala ingaphezu komkhawulo owusizo (isb, >20%).
●Izindawo Zokulahla: I-QE ijwayele ukuwa ezifundeni ze-UV (<400 nm) kanye ne-NIR (>800 nm).
Ukutolika leli jika kukusiza ukuthi uqondanise amandla enzwa nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, noma ngabe uthwebula isithombe ku-spectrum ebonakalayo, eduze kwe-infrared, noma i-UV.
Ukuncika Kwe-Wavelength Kokusebenza Kwe-Quantum
Umfanekiso: Ijika le-QE elibonisa amanani ajwayelekile ezinzwa ezisekelwe ku-silicon ezikhanyiswe ngaphambili nangemuva
QAPHELA: Igrafu ibonisa amathuba okutholwa kwe-photon (ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum, %) uma kuqhathaniswa nobude beza beza besithombe kumakhamera ayizibonelo ezine. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinzwa ezihlukene namanamathela angagudluza lawa majika ngendlela ephawulekayo
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Quantum kuncike kakhulu kubude beza, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni. Iningi lezinzwa zekhamera ezisekelwe ku-silicon zibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo okuphezulu kwe-quantum engxenyeni ebonakalayo ye-spectrum, ngokuvamile endaweni eluhlaza ukuya kwephuzi, kusukela cishe ku-490nm kuya ku-600nm. Amajika e-QE angashintshwa ngokusebenzisa inzwa yenzwa nokuhluka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kunikeze inani eliphakeme le-QE elilinganiselwa ku-300nm ku-ultra-violet (UV), cishe elingu-850nm ku-infra red eseduze (NIR), kanye nezinketho eziningi phakathi.
Wonke amakhamera asekelwe ku-silicon abonisa ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kwe-quantum ukuya ku-1100nm, lapho ama-photons engasenawo amandla anele okukhulula ama-photoelectrons. Ukusebenza kwe-UV kungakhawulwa kakhulu kuzinzwa ezinama-microlens noma ingilazi yewindi evimba i-UV, ekhawulela ukukhanya kwe-wavelength emfushane ukuthi kungafinyeleli inzwa.
Phakathi, amajika e-QE awavamile ukushelela futhi alinganayo, futhi esikhundleni salokho ngokuvamile ahlanganisa iziqongo ezincane nezikhonkwane ezibangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene zempahla nokungafihli kwezinto iphikseli eyakhiwe ngayo.
Ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuzwela kwe-UV noma kwe-NIR, uma kucatshangelwa amajika okusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kungase kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kwamanye amakhamera ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kungaba kukhulu ngokuphindwe kaningi kunamanye emaphethelweni adlulele ejiko.
Ukuzwela kwe-X-ray
Ezinye izinzwa zekhamera ye-silicon zingasebenza engxenyeni yokukhanya ebonakalayo ye-spectrum, kuyilapho zikwazi nokubona ubude beza obuthile be-X ray. Kodwa-ke, amakhamera ngokuvamile adinga ubunjiniyela obuthile ukuze babhekane nomthelela wama-X-reyi kuma-electronics wekhamera, kanye namagumbi e-vacuum ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray.
Amakhamera we-infrared
Okokugcina, izinzwa ezingasekelwe ku-silicon kodwa kwezinye izinto zingabonisa amajika e-QE ahluke ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, amakhamera e-infrared e-InGaAs, asekelwe ku-Indium Gallium Arsenide esikhundleni se-silicon, angakwazi ukubona ububanzi be-waveleng obubanzi ku-NIR, bufike kubukhulu obungama-2700nm, kuye ngokuhluka kwenzwa.
I-Quantum Efficiency vs. Okunye Ukucaciswa Kwekhamera
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Quantum kuyimethrikhi yokusebenza engukhiye, kodwa ayisebenzi yodwa. Nakhu ukuthi kuhlobana kanjani nokunye ukucaciswa kwekhamera okubalulekile:
QE vs. Ukuzwela
Ukuzwela ikhono lekhamera lokubona amasignali afiphele. I-QE inikela ngokuqondile ekuzweleni, kodwa ezinye izici ezifana nosayizi wephikseli, umsindo ofundwayo, namandla amnyama nawo adlala indima.
I-QE vs. I-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
I-QE ephakeme ithuthukisa i-SNR ngokukhiqiza isignali eyengeziwe (ama-electron) ngefothoni ngayinye. Kodwa umsindo owedlulele, ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-elekthronikhi noma ukupholisa okunganele, usengalulaza isithombe.
QE vs. Dynamic Range
Nakuba i-QE ithinta ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okutholiwe, ububanzi obuguquguqukayo buchaza isilinganiso phakathi kwamasignali akhanya kakhulu namnyama kakhulu ikhamera engakwazi ukuwaphatha. Ikhamera ye-QE ephezulu enobubanzi obuguquguqukayo obumpofu isengakhiqiza imiphumela ephansi ezigcawini ezinokugqama okuphezulu.
Ngamafuphi, ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kubalulekile, kodwa kuhlole ngaso sonke isikhathi kanye nama-specs ahambisanayo.
Kuyini Ukusebenza Kwe-Quantum "Okuhle"?
Ayikho i-QE "engcono kakhulu" yomhlaba wonke—kuya ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Lokho okushiwo, nanka amabhentshimakhi ajwayelekile:
| Umthamo wokuhweba we-QE | Izinga Lokusebenza | Sebenzisa Amacala |
| <40% | Phansi | Ayilungele ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi |
| 40–60% | Isilinganiso | Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesayensi zezinga lokungena |
| 60–80% | Kuhle | Ifanele imisebenzi eminingi yokuthwebula izithombe |
| 80–95% | Kuhle kakhulu | Ukukhanya okuphansi, ukunemba okuphezulu, noma isithombe esikhawulelwe se-photon |
Futhi, cabangela inani eliphakeme le-QE uma liqhathaniswa ne-QE emaphakathi kulo lonke uhla lwakho lwe-spectral oluthandayo.
Isiphetho
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Quantum kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, nokho ezinganakwa, ekukhetheni umshini wokuthwebula wesayensi. Noma ngabe uhlola ama-CCD, amakhamera e-sCMOS, noma amakhamera e-CMOS, ukuqonda i-QE kukusiza:
● Qagela ukuthi ikhamera yakho izosebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya zomhlaba wangempela
● Qhathanisa imikhiqizo ngokuqondile ngale kwezicelo zokumaketha
● Qondanisa izici zekhamera nezimfuneko zakho zesayensi
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa buthuthuka, amakhamera esayensi we-QE aphezulu anikeza ukuzwela okumangazayo nokusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-hardware ithuthuke kangakanani, ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele kuqala ngokuqonda ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kufanelana kanjani nesithombe esikhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ingabe ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kuhlale kungcono kukhamera yesayensi?
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum okuphezulu (QE) ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa ikhono lekhamera lokuthola amazinga aphansi okukhanya, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-fluorescence microscopy, i-astronomy, kanye ne-single-molecule imaging. Nokho, i-QE iyingxenye eyodwa nje yephrofayili yokusebenza elinganiselwe. Ikhamera ye-QE ephezulu enobubanzi obungaqinile bokuguquguquka, umsindo ofundeka kakhulu, noma ukupholisa okunganele kusengaletha imiphumela ephansi. Ukuze uthole ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu, hlala uhlola i-QE ngokuhlanganisa nezinye izici ezibalulekile njengomsindo, ukujula kancane, nesakhiwo sezinzwa.
Kukalwa kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum?
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Quantum kukalwa ngokukhanyisa inzwa enenombolo eyaziwayo yama-photons kubude obuthile begagasi bese kubalwa inani lama-electron akhiqizwe inzwa. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umthombo wokukhanya we-monochromatic olinganiselwe kanye ne-photodiode eyireferensi. Inani le-QE eliwumphumela lihlelwa kuwo wonke amaza obude ukuze kwakhiwe ijika le-QE. Lokhu kusiza ukucacisa impendulo yenzwa ye-spectral, ebalulekile ekufaniseni ikhamera nomthombo wokukhanya wohlelo lwakho lokusebenza noma ibanga lokukhishwa.
Ingabe isofthiwe noma izihlungi zangaphandle zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum?
Cha. I-Quantum Efficiency iyingxenye yezinga le-hardware yenzwa yesithombe futhi ayikwazi ukuguqulwa isofthiwe noma izisekeli zangaphandle. Nokho, izihlungi zingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe iyonke ngokuthuthukisa isilinganiso sesignali-kumsindo (isb, ukusebenzisa izihlungi ezikhishwayo ezinhlelweni ze-fluorescence), futhi isofthiwe ingasiza ngokunciphisa umsindo noma ukucubungula ngemva kokucubungula. Noma kunjalo, lezi azilishintshi inani le-QE ngokwalo.
I-Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Wonke amalungelo agodliwe. Uma ucaphuna, sicela wazise umthombo:www.tucsen.com
