25/08/21A cikin duniyar hoton dijital, ƴan abubuwan fasaha suna tasiri ingancin hoto gwargwadon nau'in rufewar lantarki a cikin firikwensin ku. Ko kuna harba matakan masana'antu masu saurin gaske, yin fina-finai jerin fina-finai, ko ɗaukar faɗuwar al'amuran sararin samaniya, fasahar rufewa a cikin kyamarar ku ta CMOS tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yadda hotonku na ƙarshe zai kasance.
Nau'o'i biyu masu rinjaye na CMOS masu rufe lantarki, masu rufewa na duniya da masu rufewa, suna ɗaukar hanyoyi daban-daban don fallasa da karanta haske daga firikwensin. Fahimtar bambance-bambancen su, ƙarfinsu, da cinikin ciniki yana da mahimmanci idan kuna son daidaita tsarin hoton ku da aikace-aikacenku.
Wannan labarin zai bayyana abin da masu rufe lantarki na CMOS suke, yadda masu rufewa na duniya da na birgima ke aiki, yadda suke aiki a cikin yanayi na ainihi, da yadda za ku yanke shawarar wanda ya fi dacewa a gare ku.
Menene CMOS Electronic Shutters?
Firikwensin CMOS shine zuciyar mafi yawan kyamarori na zamani. Yana da alhakin canza haske mai shigowa zuwa siginar lantarki waɗanda za'a iya sarrafa su zuwa hoto. "shutter" in aCMOS kamaraba lallai ba ne labulen injina-yawancin ƙira na zamani sun dogara da na'urar rufewa ta lantarki wanda ke sarrafa yadda da lokacin da pixels ke ɗaukar haske.
Ba kamar na'urar rufewa da ke toshe haske a zahiri ba, na'urar rufewa ta lantarki tana aiki ta farawa da dakatar da kwararar caji a cikin kowane pixel. A cikin hoton CMOS, akwai manyan gine-ginen lantarki na farko guda biyu: rufewar duniya da abin rufe fuska.
Me yasa bambanci ke da mahimmanci? Domin hanyar fallasa da karantawa yana tasiri kai tsaye:
● Mayar da motsi da murdiya
● Ƙimar hoto
● Rashin hankali
● Ƙimar ƙira da latency
● Gabaɗaya dacewa don nau'ikan hoto, bidiyo, da hotunan kimiyya daban-daban
Fahimtar Shutter Duniya
Source: GMAX3405 Global Shutter Sensor
Yadda Global Shutter ke Aiki
Kyamarorin rufewa na CMOS na Duniya suna farawa da ƙare bayyanarsu lokaci guda a duk faɗin firikwensin. Ana samun wannan ta amfani da transistor 5 ko fiye da kowane pixel, da kuma 'storagenode' wanda ke riƙe da cajin photoelectron da aka samu yayin karantawa. Jerin bayyanarwa shine kamar haka:
1. Fara bayyanawa lokaci guda a kowane pixel ta share cajin da aka samu zuwa ƙasa.
2. Jira zaɓaɓɓen lokacin bayyanarwa.
3. A ƙarshen fallasa, matsar da cajin da aka samu zuwa kullin ajiya a cikin kowane pixel, yana kawo ƙarshen bayyanar wannan firam.
4. Jere-jere, matsar da electrons zuwa cikin capacitor na readout na pixel, sa'an nan kuma kunna wutar lantarki da aka tara zuwa ga gine-ginen karantawa, wanda zai ƙare a cikin masu sauya analog-zuwa dijital (ADCs). Ana iya yin nuni na gaba a lokaci guda tare da wannan matakin.
Fa'idodin Shutter na Duniya
● Babu Karɓar Motsi – Abubuwan motsi suna riƙe da sifarsu da lissafi ba tare da skew ko maƙarƙashiya wanda zai iya faruwa tare da karantawa a jere.
● Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwal ) , kamar su a cikin wasanni, na'ura mai kwakwalwa, ko sarrafa ingancin masana'antu.
● Ƙananan Latency - Duk bayanan hoto suna samuwa a lokaci ɗaya, yana ba da damar daidaitawa daidai tare da abubuwan da suka faru na waje, irin su bugun jini na laser ko fitilun strobe.
Iyaka na Global Shutter
● Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa Haske - Wasu ƙirar pixel mai rufewa na duniya suna sadaukar da ingancin tattara haske don ɗaukar da'irar da ake buƙata don bayyanawa lokaci guda.
● Mafi Girman Kuɗi & Haɗuwa - Kera ya fi ƙalubale, sau da yawa yana haifar da farashi mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na rufewa.
● Mai yuwuwa don Ƙaruwa - Dangane da ƙira na firikwensin, ƙarin kayan lantarki a kowane pixel na iya haifar da ƙara ƙarar ƙarar ƙararrawa.
Fahimtar Rolling Shutter
Yadda Rolling Shutter ke Aiki
Yin amfani da transistor 4 kawai kuma babu kumburin ajiya, wannan mafi sauƙi nau'i na ƙirar pixel na CMOS yana haifar da ƙarin aikin rufewar lantarki. Bidiyon shutter pixels suna farawa da dakatar da bayyanar firikwensin jere ɗaya a lokaci guda, 'birgima' ƙasa na firikwensin. Ana bin jerin kishiyar (wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin adadi) don kowace fallasa:
Hoto: Tsarin rufewa na birgima don firikwensin kyamara 6x6 pixel
Firam na farko yana fara fallasa (rawaya) a saman firikwensin, yana share ƙasa a ƙimar layi ɗaya a kowane lokaci. Da zarar an gama fallasa don saman layi, karantawa (purple) wanda ya biyo baya farawa na gaba (blue) yana share firikwensin.
1. Fara hasashe zuwa saman jere na firikwensin ta hanyar share cajin da aka samu zuwa ƙasa.
2. Bayan 'lokacin jere' ya wuce, matsa zuwa jere na biyu na firikwensin kuma fara fallasa, maimaita firikwensin.
3. Da zarar lokacin bayyanar da ake buƙata ya ƙare na saman jere, ƙare bayyanar ta hanyar aika cajin da aka samu ta hanyar gine-ginen karantawa. Lokacin da aka ɗauka don yin wannan shine 'lokacin layi'.
4. Da zaran an gama karantawa a jere, yana shirye don sake fara fallasa daga Mataki na 1, koda kuwa hakan yana nufin haɗewa tare da wasu layuka waɗanda ke yin nunin baya.
Amfanin Rolling Shutter
●Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Ƙarshen Haske- Zane-zanen pixel na iya ba da fifikon tarin haske, haɓaka sigina-zuwa-amo a cikin yanayi mara nauyi.
●Mafi Girma Range- Zane-zane na karatun jeri na iya ɗaukar ƙarin haske da inuwa mai duhu da kyau.
●Mai araha- Na'urori masu auna firikwensin CMOS masu rufewa sun fi kowa kuma suna da tsada don ƙira.
Iyaka na Rolling Shutter
●Motion Artifacts- Batutuwa masu saurin tafiya na iya bayyana karkatacciyar hanya ko lanƙwasa, waɗanda aka sani da "sakamakon rufewa."
●Tasirin Jello a Bidiyo- Hoton na hannu tare da rawar jiki ko bugun sauri na iya haifar da girgiza a cikin hoton.
●Kalubalen Aiki tare- Ƙananan manufa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen lokaci tare da abubuwan waje.
Duniya vs. Rolling Shutter: Kwatanta Gefe-da-Gefe
Anan ga babban ra'ayi na yadda ake kwatanta mirgina da rufewar duniya:
| Siffar | Rolling Shutter | Shutter Duniya |
| Tsarin Pixel | 4-transistor (4T), babu kumburin ajiya | 5+ transistor, ya haɗa da kumburin ajiya |
| Hasken Hankali | Matsayi mafi girma, mai sauƙin daidaitawa zuwa tsarin da aka haskaka baya → mafi girma QE | Ƙananan abubuwan cikawa, BSI mafi rikitarwa |
| Ayyukan Surutu | Gabaɗaya rage ƙarar amo | Zai iya samun ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙara |
| Hargitsin Motsi | Mai yuwuwa (skew, wobble, tasirin jello) | Babu ko ɗaya - duk pixels an fallasa su lokaci guda |
| Mai yuwuwar Gudu | Zai iya haɗuwa da abubuwan da aka bayyana kuma karanta layuka masu yawa; sau da yawa sauri a wasu kayayyaki | Iyakance ta cikakken firam ɗin karantawa, kodayake raba karantawa na iya taimakawa |
| Farashin | Ƙananan farashin masana'antu | Farashin masana'anta mafi girma |
| Mafi kyawun Abubuwan Amfani | Hoto mai ƙarancin haske, cinematography, ɗaukar hoto gabaɗaya | Ɗaukar motsi mai sauri, binciken masana'antu, madaidaicin awo |
Babban Bambance-bambancen Ayyuka
Bidiyon shutter pixels yawanci suna amfani da ƙirar 4-transistor (4T) ba tare da kullin ajiya ba, yayin da masu rufewa na duniya suna buƙatar transistor 5 ko fiye a kowane pixel da ƙarin kewayawa don adana photoelectrons kafin karantawa.
●Cika Factor & Hankali- Tsarin gine-gine mafi sauƙi na 4T yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙimar pixel mafi girma, ma'ana ƙari na kowane saman pixel an sadaukar da shi don tarin haske. Wannan ƙira, haɗe tare da gaskiyar cewa na'urori masu auna firikwensin shutter za a iya daidaita su cikin sauƙi zuwa tsarin da aka haskaka baya, sau da yawa yana haifar da ingantaccen ƙima.
●Ayyukan Surutu- Ƙananan transistor da ƙananan haɗaɗɗun kewayawa gabaɗaya suna nufin masu rufewa suna nuna ƙaramar ƙaranci, yana sa su dace da aikace-aikacen ƙananan haske.
●Mai yuwuwar Gudu- Masu rufewa na iya zama da sauri a wasu gine-gine saboda suna ba da izinin bayyanawa da karantawa, kodayake wannan ya dogara sosai ga ƙirar firikwensin da na'urar karantawa.
Farashi & Kera - Sauƙi na birgima shutter pixels yawanci yana fassara zuwa ƙananan farashin samarwa idan aka kwatanta da masu rufe duniya.
Nau'ukan Cigaba da Dabaru
Pseudo-Global Shutter
A cikin yanayi inda za ku iya sarrafa daidai lokacin da haske ya isa firikwensin-kamar yin amfani da LED ko tushen hasken Laser wanda hardware ya jawo - zaku iya cimma sakamakon "kamar duniya" tare da abin rufe fuska. Wannan hanyar rufaffiyar ɓoyayyiyar-duniya tana aiki tare da haske tare da taga mai bayyanawa, rage girman kayan tarihi na motsi ba tare da buƙatar ainihin ƙirar rufewar duniya ba.
Haɗin Hoto
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin shutter na iya fara fallasa firam na gaba kafin kammala karatun firam ɗin na yanzu. Wannan haɗe-haɗe yana inganta aikin aiki kuma yana da fa'ida ga aikace-aikace masu sauri inda ɗaukar matsakaicin adadin firam a sakan daya yana da mahimmanci, amma yana iya rikitar da gwaje-gwaje masu saurin lokaci.
Yawan Karatun Layi
Yawancin kyamarorin CMOS masu sauri suna iya karanta fiye da jeri ɗaya na pixels a lokaci ɗaya. A wasu hanyoyi, ana karanta layuka biyu; a cikin ci-gaba ƙira, har zuwa layuka huɗu za a iya karanta a lokaci guda, yadda ya kamata rage jimlar firam readout lokacin.
Rarraba Sensor Architecture
Dukansu masu birgima da masu rufewa na duniya suna iya amfani da shimfidar firikwensin tsaga, inda aka raba firikwensin hoton a tsaye zuwa rabi biyu, kowanne yana da nasa jere na ADCs.
● A cikin na'urori masu rarraba abin rufewa, karantawa sau da yawa yana farawa daga tsakiya kuma yana jujjuya waje zuwa sama da ƙasa, yana ƙara rage jinkiri.
● A cikin zane-zane na rufewa na duniya, tsagawar karantawa na iya inganta ƙimar firam ba tare da canza yanayin ɗaukar hoto ba.
Yadda ake Zaɓi don Aikace-aikacenku: Rolling ko Shutter na Duniya?
Rufe duniya na iya amfanar aikace-aikace
● Bukatar daidaitaccen lokacin abubuwan da suka faru
● Ana buƙatar ɗan gajeren lokacin fallasa
● Bukatar jinkiri na miliyon biyu kafin fara sayayya don aiki tare da wani taron
● Ɗauki babban motsi ko haɓakawa akan ma'auni mai kama da sauri zuwa abin rufewa.
● Bukatar saye na lokaci guda a fadin firikwensin, amma ba zai iya sarrafa hanyoyin haske don amfani da abin rufe fuska na duniya ba a babban yanki.
Mai rufewa na iya amfanar aikace-aikace
● Kalubalanci aikace-aikacen ƙananan haske: Ƙarin ƙimar ƙima da ƙananan ƙarar kyamarori masu rufewa sau da yawa suna haifar da ingantattun SNR
● Aikace-aikace masu sauri inda ainihin daidaituwa a fadin firikwensin ba shi da mahimmanci, ko jinkirta yana da ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da lokutan gwaji.
● Sauran ƙarin aikace-aikace na gabaɗaya inda sauƙi na masana'anta da ƙananan farashin mirgina kyamarori suna da fa'ida
Rashin fahimta gama gari
1. "Rolling shutter ne ko da yaushe mara kyau."
Ba gaskiya ba ne—masu rufewa suna da kyau don yawancin lokuta masu amfani kuma galibi suna fin rufe rufewar duniya cikin ƙaramin haske da kewayo mai ƙarfi.
2. "Rufe duniya koyaushe yana da kyau."
Yayin da ba tare da murdiya ba yana da fa'ida, cinikin cinikin farashi, hayaniya, da azanci na iya fin fa'idar daukar hoto a hankali.
3. "Ba za ku iya harba bidiyo tare da abin rufe fuska ba."
Yawancin kyamarori masu tsayi na cinema suna amfani da abin rufe fuska yadda ya kamata; Dabarun harbi a hankali na iya rage kayan tarihi.
4. "Masu rufewa na duniya suna kawar da duk wani motsin motsi."
Suna hana jujjuyawar lissafi, amma blur motsi daga lokuttan fallasa na iya faruwa har yanzu.
Kammalawa
Zaɓin tsakanin fasahar rufewa ta duniya da birgima a cikin kyamarar CMOS tana tafe zuwa ma'auni tsakanin sarrafa motsi, azancin haske, farashi, da takamaiman buƙatun ku.
● Idan kuna buƙatar kamawa ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba don al'amuran da ke tafiya cikin sauri, rufewar duniya shine zaɓin zaɓi.
● Idan kun ba da fifikon aikin ƙarancin haske, kewayon ƙarfi, da kasafin kuɗi, abin rufewa yakan ba da sakamako mafi kyau.
Fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambancen yana tabbatar da cewa zaku iya zaɓar kayan aiki da ya dace-ko don ɗaukar hoto na kimiyya, saka idanu na masana'antu, ko samarwa.
FAQs
Wane nau'in rufewa ya fi kyau don ɗaukar hoto na iska ko taswirar jirgin sama?
Don taswira, bincike, da dubawa inda daidaiton geometric ke da mahimmanci, an fi son rufewar duniya don guje wa murdiya. Koyaya, don ƙirƙira bidiyon iska, abin rufe fuska na iya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako idan ana sarrafa motsi.
Ta yaya zaɓin rufewa ke tasiri ga ƙananan haske?
Masu rufewa gabaɗaya suna da fa'ida a cikin ƙaramin haske saboda ƙirar pixel ɗin su na iya ba da fifikon ingancin tattara haske. Makullin duniya na iya buƙatar ƙarin hadaddun kewayawa wanda zai iya ɗan rage hankali, kodayake ƙirar zamani suna rufe wannan gibin.
Yaya nau'in rufewa ke shafar akyamarar kimiyya?
A cikin hoton kimiyya mai saurin gaske-kamar bin diddigin barbashi, kuzarin tantanin halitta, ko wasan ballistics— rufewar duniya galibi yana da mahimmanci don gujewa murɗawar motsi. Amma don ƙananan haske mai kyalli, ansCMOS kamaratare da abin rufe fuska ana iya zaɓar don haɓaka hankali da kewayo mai ƙarfi.
Wanne ya fi dacewa don duba masana'antu?
A yawancin ayyukan binciken masana'antu-musamman waɗanda suka haɗa da bel ɗin masu motsi, robotics, ko hangen nesa na na'ura - rufewar duniya shine mafi aminci zaɓi don tabbatar da ma'auni daidai ba tare da kurakuran geometric da suka haifar da motsi ba.
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Duk haƙƙin mallaka. Lokacin ambato, da fatan za a yarda da tushen:www.tucsen.com
