25/08/21M'dziko lazojambula za digito, ndi zinthu zochepa zaukadaulo zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wazithunzi monga mtundu wa chotseka chamagetsi mu sensa yanu. Kaya mukuwombera njira zamafakitale othamanga kwambiri, kujambula makanema amakanema, kapena kujambula zochitika zakuthambo zakuthambo, ukadaulo wotsekera mkati mwa kamera yanu ya CMOS umakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa momwe chithunzi chanu chomaliza chimakhalira.
Mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya zotsekera zamagetsi za CMOS, zotsekera zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zotsekera zozungulira, zimatenga njira zosiyana kwambiri zowonetsera ndikuwerenga kuwala kuchokera pa sensa. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwawo, mphamvu zawo, ndi kusinthanitsa ndikofunikira ngati mukufuna kufananiza makina anu ojambulira ndi pulogalamu yanu.
Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za zotsekera zamagetsi za CMOS, momwe zotsekera zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zozungulira zimagwirira ntchito, momwe zimagwirira ntchito munthawi yeniyeni, komanso momwe mungasankhire zomwe zili zabwino kwa inu.
Kodi CMOS Electronic Shutters Ndi Chiyani?
Sensa ya CMOS ndiye mtima wamakamera amakono. Ili ndi udindo wosintha kuwala kobwera kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi omwe amatha kusinthidwa kukhala chithunzi. "Chotseka" mu aKamera ya CMOSsikuti ndi nsalu yotchinga yokha—zojambula zambiri zamakono zimadalira chotsekera chamagetsi chomwe chimayang'anira momwe ma pixel amajambula kuwala komanso nthawi yake.
Mosiyana ndi chotsekera chamakina chomwe chimatchinga kuwala, chotsekera chamagetsi chimagwira ntchito poyambitsa ndikuyimitsa kutuluka kwa charger mkati mwa pixel iliyonse. Pakujambula kwa CMOS, pali zomanga ziwiri zazikulu za shutter zamagetsi: shutter yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi shutter rolling.
Chifukwa chiyani kusiyana kuli kofunika? Chifukwa njira yowonetsera ndi kuwerenga imakhudza mwachindunji:
● Kumasulira ndi kupotoza
● Kuthwa kwazithunzi
● Kuzindikira kocheperako
● Mtengo wa chimango ndi kuchedwa
● Kukwanira kokwanira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zithunzi, makanema, ndi zithunzi zasayansi
Kumvetsetsa Global Shutter
Gwero: GMAX3405 Global Shutter Sensor
Momwe Global Shutter Imagwirira Ntchito
Makamera a CMOS Global shutter amayamba ndikumaliza kuwonekera nthawi imodzi pa sensa yonse. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito ma transistors 5 kapena kupitilira apo pa pixel, ndi 'storagenode' yomwe imakhala ndi ma charger opezeka a photoelectron powerenga. Kutsatizana kwa kuwonetseredwa ndi motere:
1. Yambani kuwonekera nthawi imodzi mu pixel iliyonse ndikuchotsa zomwe mwapeza pansi.
2. Dikirani nthawi yosankhidwa.
3. Pamapeto pa kuwonekera, sunthani ndalama zogulira kumalo osungira mu pixel iliyonse, kutsiriza kuwonekera kwa chimangocho.
4. Mzere ndi mzere, sunthani ma elekitironi mu capacitor yowerengera ma pixel, ndipo tumizani mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ku kamangidwe kazowerengazo, pofika pachimake pa ma analogi-to-digital converters (ADCs). Kuwonekera kotsatira kumatha kuchitika nthawi imodzi ndi sitepe iyi.
Ubwino wa Global Shutter
● Palibe Kusokoneza Motion - Mitu yosuntha imasunga mawonekedwe awo ndi geometry popanda skew kapena kugwedezeka komwe kungachitike ndi kuwerenga motsatizana.
● Kujambula Mothamanga Kwambiri - Kuli koyenera kuti muziyenda mozizira kwambiri m'malo othamanga, monga masewera, ma robotiki, kapena kuwongolera khalidwe.
● Low Latency - Zithunzi zonse zimapezeka nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kulumikizana kukhale kolondola ndi zochitika zakunja, monga ma laser pulses kapena strobe magetsi.
Zochepa za Global Shutter
● Lower Light Sensitivity – Ma pixel ena a shutter padziko lonse lapansi satha kutengera kuwala kuti agwirizane ndi dera lofunika kuti ziwonekere nthawi imodzi.
● Mtengo Wapamwamba & Wovuta - Kupanga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mitengo yokwera poyerekeza ndi zotsekera zotsekera.
● Kuthekera kwa Phokoso Lowonjezereka - Kutengera kapangidwe ka sensa, zamagetsi zowonjezera pa pixel zimatha kubweretsa phokoso lapamwamba pang'ono.
Kumvetsetsa Rolling Shutter
Momwe Rolling Shutter Imagwirira Ntchito
Pogwiritsa ntchito ma transistors 4 okha komanso opanda malo osungira, mawonekedwe osavuta awa a CMOS ma pixel amatsogolera ku ntchito yovuta kwambiri ya shutter yamagetsi. Ma pixel otsekera amayambira ndikuyimitsa kuwonekera kwa sensa mzere umodzi panthawi, 'kugudubuza' pansi sensa. Kutsatizana kosiyana (komwe kukuwonetsedwanso pachithunzichi) kumatsatiridwa pachiwonetsero chilichonse:
Chithunzi: Njira yotsekera yotsekera ya sensor ya kamera ya 6x6
Chimango choyamba chimayamba kuwonekera (chikaso) pamwamba pa sensa, kusesa pansi pamlingo wa mzere umodzi pamzere uliwonse. Kuwonekera kukamaliza pamzere wapamwamba, kuwerengera (kufiirira) kutsatiridwa ndi kuyamba kwa kuwonekera kotsatira (buluu) kusesa pansi sensa.
1. Yambani kuwonekera pamzere wapamwamba wa sensa pochotsa zomwe mwapeza pansi.
2. Pambuyo 'nthawi ya mzere' itatha, pitani ku mzere wachiwiri wa sensa ndikuyamba kuwonekera, kubwereza pansi sensa.
3. Nthawi yowonekera ikatha pamzere wapamwamba, malizitsani kuwonekera potumiza ndalama zomwe mwapeza kudzera muzomanga zowerengera. Nthawi yotengedwa kuti muchite izi ndi 'nthawi ya mzere'.
4. Kuwerenga kukangomalizidwa pamzere umodzi, ndikokonzeka kuyambanso kuwonekeranso kuchokera mu Gawo 1, ngakhale izi zikutanthauza kuti mudumphadumpha ndi mizere ina yomwe ikuchita mizere yapitayi.
Ubwino wa Rolling Shutter
●Kuchita Bwino Kowala Kwambiri- Mapangidwe a pixel amatha kuyika patsogolo kusonkhanitsa kuwala, kuwongolera chiŵerengero cha ma signal-to-phokoso m'malo amdima.
●Higher Dynamic Range- Mapangidwe owerengera motsatizana amatha kuthana ndi zowoneka bwino komanso mithunzi yakuda mokoma kwambiri.
●Zambiri Zotsika mtengo- Masensa otsekera a CMOS ndiwofala komanso okwera mtengo kupanga.
Zochepa za Rolling Shutter
●Zinthu Zoyenda- Nkhani zoyenda mwachangu zitha kuwoneka zopindika kapena zopindika, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "rolling shutter effect."
●Jello Effect mu Video- Zithunzi zojambulidwa m'manja zokhala ndi kugwedezeka kapena kuthamanga mwachangu zitha kuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwa chithunzicho.
●Zovuta Zogwirizanitsa- Zocheperako pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira nthawi yeniyeni ndi zochitika zakunja.
Padziko Lonse vs. Rolling Shutter: Kufananitsa Mbali ndi Mbali
Nawa mawonedwe apamwamba a momwe ma rolling ndi zotsekera zapadziko lonse zikufananirana:
| Mbali | Shutter ya Rolling | Global Shutter |
| Mapangidwe a Pixel | 4-transistor (4T), palibe node yosungirako | 5+ transistors, imaphatikizapo malo osungira |
| Kumva Kuwala | Zinthu zodzaza kwambiri, zosinthidwa mosavuta kuti zikhale zowunikira kumbuyo → QE yapamwamba | Chodzaza chotsika, BSI imakhala yovuta kwambiri |
| Phokoso Magwiridwe | Nthawi zambiri tsitsani phokoso lowerenga | Itha kukhala ndi phokoso lokwera pang'ono chifukwa chowonjezera ma circuit |
| Kusokoneza Zoyenda | Zotheka (skew, wobble, jello effect) | Palibe - ma pixel onse amawonekera nthawi imodzi |
| Kuthamanga Kuthekera | Itha kuphatikizira zowonetsa ndikuwerenga mizere ingapo; nthawi zambiri mwachangu pamapangidwe ena | Zochepa ndi kuwerenga kwazithunzi zonse, ngakhale kuwerenga kogawa kungathandize |
| Mtengo | Kutsika mtengo wopangira | Kukwera mtengo wopangira |
| Zabwino Kugwiritsa Ntchito Milandu | Kujambula kowala pang'ono, kanema wa kanema, kujambula wamba | Kujambula kothamanga kwambiri, kuyang'anira mafakitale, kulondola kwa metrology |
Kusiyana kwa Magwiridwe Apakati
Ma pixel otsekera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka 4-transistor (4T) popanda malo osungira, pomwe zotsekera zapadziko lonse lapansi zimafunikira ma transistors 5 kapena kupitilira apo pa pixel kuphatikiza ma circuit ena kuti asunge ma photoelectron asanawerenge.
●Lembani Factor & Sensitivity- Zomangamanga zosavuta za 4T zimalola kudzaza ma pixel apamwamba, kutanthauza kuti malo ambiri a pixel amaperekedwa kuti atolere kuwala. Kapangidwe kameneka, kaphatikizidwe ndi mfundo yoti ma sensor otsekera amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta kukhala mawonekedwe owunikiridwa kumbuyo, nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwachulukidwe.
●Phokoso Magwiridwe- Ma transistors ocheperako komanso maulendo ocheperako amatanthawuza kuti zotsekera zotsekera zimawonetsa phokoso locheperako, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kochepa.
●Kuthamanga Kuthekera- Zotsekera zotsekera zimatha kukhala zachangu pamapangidwe ena chifukwa zimalola kuwonekera ndikuwerenga, ngakhale izi zimadalira kapangidwe ka sensa ndi kuwerengera zamagetsi.
Mtengo & Kupanga - Kuphweka kwa ma pixel otsekera otsekera kumatanthawuza kutsitsa mtengo wopangira poyerekeza ndi zotsekera zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mfundo Zapamwamba ndi Njira
Pseudo-Global Shutter
Muzochitika zomwe mungathe kuwongolera bwino pamene kuwala kukufika pa sensa-monga kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa LED kapena laser komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi hardware-mungathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira za "global-like" ndi chotseka chotseka. Njira yotsekera ya pseudo-global shutter iyi imagwirizanitsa kuwunikira ndi zenera lowonekera, kuchepetsa zoyenda popanda kufunikira kopanga chotseka chapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kuphatikizana kwazithunzi
Masensa otsekera amatha kuyamba kuwonetsa chimango chotsatira chisanamalize kuwerengera kwa chimango chapano. Kuwonekera uku kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ziziyenda bwino ndipo zimakhala zothandiza pamapulogalamu othamanga kwambiri pomwe kujambula kuchuluka kwa mafelemu pa sekondi iliyonse ndikofunikira, koma kumatha kusokoneza kuyesa kosayang'ana nthawi.
Multiple Row Readout
Makamera ambiri othamanga kwambiri a CMOS amatha kuwerenga ma pixel opitilira mizere imodzi nthawi imodzi. M'njira zina, mizere imawerengedwa awiriawiri; m'mapangidwe apamwamba, mpaka mizere inayi imatha kuwerengedwa nthawi imodzi, kuchepetsa nthawi yowerengera chimango.
Split Sensor Architecture
Zotsekera zonse zozungulira komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a sensa yogawanika, pomwe sensa ya chithunzi imagawidwa molunjika kukhala magawo awiri, iliyonse ili ndi mzere wake wa ADC.
● M'masensa odzigudubuza a shutter, kuwerenga kumayambira pakati ndi kugubuduza kupita pamwamba ndi pansi, ndikuchepetsanso kuchedwa.
● M'mapangidwe a shutter padziko lonse lapansi, kugawanitsa kungathe kukweza mitengo ya furemu popanda kusintha mawonekedwe a nthawi imodzi.
Momwe Mungasankhire Ntchito Yanu: Rolling kapena Global Shutter?
Chotsekera chapadziko lonse lapansi chingathandize mapulogalamu
● Amafuna kulondola kwambiri nthawi ya zochitika
● Zimafuna nthawi yochepa kwambiri yowonekera
● Pamafunika kuchedwetsa kamphindi kakang'ono ka millisecond isanayambike kupeza kuti mulunzanitse ndi chochitika
● Jambulani kusuntha kwakukulu kapena kusinthasintha pa nthawi yofanana kapena yachangu ku chotsekera
● Imafunika kupeza nthawi imodzi pa sensa, koma sichingathe kuwongolera nyali kuti igwiritse ntchito chotsekera chabodza chapadziko lonse pamalo ambiri.
The rolling shutter ikhoza kupindulitsa mapulogalamu
● Kuvuta kwa magetsi otsika: Kuchita bwino kwa kuchuluka kwachulukidwe komanso phokoso lochepa la makamera otsekera nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti SNR ikhale yabwino.
● Mapulogalamu othamanga kwambiri omwe nthawi imodzi yokha pa sensa sikofunika, kapena kuchedwa kumakhala kochepa poyerekeza ndi nthawi zoyesera
● Ntchito zina zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kupanga komanso kutsika mtengo kwa makamera otsekera ndi opindulitsa
Maganizo Olakwika Odziwika
1. "Zotsekera zotsekera zimakhala zoyipa nthawi zonse."
Sizowona-zotsekera zotsekera ndi zabwino kwa nthawi zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaposa zotsekera zapadziko lonse lapansi pakuwala kochepa komanso kosinthasintha.
2. "Chotseka chapadziko lonse chimakhala bwino nthawi zonse."
Ngakhale kujambula kopanda kusokoneza kuli kopindulitsa, kusinthanitsa kwa mtengo, phokoso, ndi kukhudzika kungakhale kopambana phindu la kulingalira pang'onopang'ono.
3. "Simungathe kuwombera kanema ndi chotsekera."
Makamera ambiri apamwamba amakanema amagwiritsira ntchito zotsekera bwino; njira zowombera mosamala zimatha kuchepetsa zinthu zakale.
4. "Zotsekera zapadziko lonse lapansi zimachotsa kusasunthika konse."
Amalepheretsa kupotoza kwa geometric, koma kusasunthika koyenda kuchokera nthawi yayitali kumatha kuchitika.
Mapeto
Kusankha pakati pa ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi ukadaulo wotsekera mu kamera ya CMOS imagwera pamlingo womwe uli pakati pa kusuntha, kumva kuwala, mtengo, ndi zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.
● Ngati mukufuna kujambula popanda kusokoneza kuti muwonetsetse zinthu zomwe zikuyenda mwachangu, shutter yapadziko lonse ndiyo kusankha bwino.
● Ngati mumaona kuti kuwala kocheperako kumaonekera kwambiri, kusinthasintha kosinthasintha, ndi bajeti, chotchinga chotchinga chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kumakutsimikizirani kuti mutha kusankha chida choyenera—kaya chojambula mwasayansi, kuyang'anira mafakitale, kapena kupanga luso.
FAQs
Ndi shutter yamtundu uti yomwe ili yabwinoko pojambula m'mlengalenga kapena mapu a drone?
Popanga mapu, kufufuza, ndi kuyendera komwe kulondola kwa geometric ndikofunikira, chotseka chapadziko lonse lapansi ndichofunika kupewa kupotoza. Komabe, pavidiyo yolenga yamlengalenga, chotsekera chotsekera chikhoza kuperekabe zotsatira zabwino ngati mayendedwe ayendetsedwa.
Kodi kusankha kwa shutter kumakhudza bwanji chithunzi chochepa?
Zotsekera zotsekera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mwayi pakuwunika kocheperako chifukwa mapangidwe awo a pixel amatha kuyika patsogolo pakusonkhanitsa kuwala. Zotsekera zapadziko lonse lapansi zingafunike zozungulira zovuta kwambiri zomwe zingachepetse kukhudzidwa pang'ono, ngakhale mapangidwe amakono akutseka kusiyana uku.
Kodi mtundu wa shutter umakhudza bwanji akamera ya sayansi?
Pazithunzi za asayansi zothamanga kwambiri, monga kutsata tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kusinthasintha kwa ma cell, kapena kusinthasintha kwa zinthu, nthawi zambiri chotseka chapadziko lonse chimakhala chofunikira kuti tipewe kusokonekera. Koma kwa microscopy yowala kwambiri ya fluorescence, ansCMOS kamerayokhala ndi chotsekera chotchinga chingasankhidwe kuti muwonjezere chidwi komanso kusinthasintha.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chili bwino kuti chiwunikidwe ndi mafakitale?
M'ntchito zambiri zowunikira mafakitale-makamaka zomwe zimaphatikizapo malamba osuntha, maloboti, kapena masomphenya a makina - chotseka chapadziko lonse lapansi ndichosankha chotetezedwa kuti muwonetsetse miyeso yolondola popanda zolakwika za geometric zoyendetsedwa.
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Ufulu wonse ndi wotetezedwa. Potchulapo, chonde vomerezani gwero:www.tucsen.com
