25/07/31Ngakhale mu 2025, masensa a CMOS amawongolera malingaliro asayansi ndi ogula, izi sizinali choncho nthawi zonse.
CCD imayimira 'Charge-Coupled Device', ndipo masensa a CCD anali masensa oyambilira a makamera, omwe adayamba kupangidwa mu 1970. Makamera a CCD- ndi EMCCD adalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito sayansi mpaka zaka zingapo zapitazo. Matekinoloje onsewa akadalipobe mpaka pano, ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kwakhala kovutirapo.
Mlingo wakusintha ndi chitukuko cha masensa a CMOS ukupitilira kukula. Kusiyana kwa matekinolojewa kwagona makamaka momwe amachitira ndikuwerengera ndalama zomwe zapezeka pakompyuta.
Kodi Sensor ya CCD ndi Chiyani?
Sensa ya CCD ndi mtundu wa sensa yazithunzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula kuwala ndikusinthira kukhala ma digito. Zimapangidwa ndi ma pixel osamva kuwala omwe amasonkhanitsa ma photon ndikuwasandutsa magetsi.
Kuwerenga kwa sensor ya CCD kumasiyana ndi CMOS m'njira zitatu:
● Kusamutsa Malipiro: Ma Photoelectrons ojambulidwa amasunthidwa ndi pixel-to-pixel kudutsa sensa kupita kumalo owerengera pansi.
● Njira Yowerengera: M'malo mwa mzere wonse wa ma analogi kupita ku digito (ADCs) omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana, ma CCD amagwiritsa ntchito ADC imodzi kapena ziwiri (kapena nthawi zina) zomwe zimawerengera ma pixel motsatizana.
Kuyika kwa Capacitor ndi Amplifier: M'malo mwa ma capacitor ndi amplifiers mu pixel iliyonse, ADC iliyonse imakhala ndi capacitor imodzi ndi amplifier.
Kodi Sensor ya CCD Imagwira Ntchito Motani?
Umu ndi momwe chowonera cha CCD chimagwirira ntchito kupeza ndi kukonza chithunzi:
Chithunzi: Njira yowerengera ya sensa ya CCD
Pamapeto pakuwonekera kwawo, masensa a CCD adayamba kusuntha zolipiritsa kulowa mkati mwa malo osungiramo zobisika mkati mwa pixel iliyonse (osawonetsedwa). Kenako, mzere umodzi pa nthawi, zolipiritsa zimasunthidwa mu kaundula wowerengera. Ndime imodzi panthawi, zolipiritsa zomwe zili mkati mwa kaundula wowerenga zimawerengedwa.
1. Kuchotsa Malipiro: Kuti muyambe kupeza, ndalama zimachotsedwa nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku sensa yonse (yotseka padziko lonse lapansi).
2. Kuchuluka kwa Malipiro: Kuchulukira kumachulukana panthawi yowonekera.
3. Kusungirako Malipiro: Pamapeto pa kukhudzana, ndalama zosonkhanitsidwa zimasunthidwa kumalo obisika mkati mwa pixel iliyonse (yotchedwa interline transfer CCD), kumene angadikire kuwerengedwa popanda zithunzi zatsopano zopezeka kuwerengedwa.
4. Kuwonekera kwa Next Frame: Ndi ndalama zomwe zapezeka zomwe zasungidwa m'malo obisika a ma pixel, malo omwe akugwira ma pixel atha kuyambitsa kuwonekera kwa chimango chotsatira (njira yophatikizika).
5. Sequential Readout: Mzere umodzi pa nthawi, zolipiritsa kuchokera pamzere uliwonse wa chimango chomalizidwa zimasunthidwa kukhala 'register yowerengera'.
6. Kuwerenga komaliza: Mzere umodzi panthawi, zolipiritsa kuchokera pa pixel iliyonse zimatsekeredwa kumalo owerengera kuti awerengedwe ku ADC.
7. Kubwerezabwereza: Izi zimabwerezedwa mpaka ndalama zomwe zapezeka mu ma pixel onse ziwerengedwa.
Botolo ili chifukwa cha milandu onse wapezeka akuwerengedwa ndi ochepa (nthawizina) mfundo kuwerenga, kumabweretsa zofooka kwambiri matulukidwe deta ya CCD masensa poyerekeza CMOS.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa CCD Sensors
| Ubwino | kuipa |
| Mdima Wocheperako Nthawi zambiri ~0.001 e⁻/p/s ukazizira. | Kuthamanga Kwapang'ono Kwanthawi yayitali ~ 20 MP/s - mochedwa kwambiri kuposa CMOS. |
| Pa-Pixel Binning Charges amawerengedwa mwachidule musanawerenge, kuchepetsa phokoso. | High Read Noise 5–10 e⁻ ndizofala chifukwa cha kuwerengedwa kwa ADC kwa mfundo imodzi. |
| Global Shutter True shutter yapadziko lonse kapena pafupi ndi dziko lonse lapansi mu ma CCD a interline/frame-transfer. | Kukula Kwa Pixel Kwakukulu Singafanane ndi miniaturization ya CMOS. |
| High Image Uniformity Yabwino kwambiri pakuyerekeza kochulukira. | Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zazikulu Kumafuna mphamvu yochulukirapo kuti musinthe ndalama ndikuwerenga. |
Ubwino wa CCD Sensor
● Mdima Wochepa Wakuda: Mwachilengedwe monga ukadaulo, masensa a CCD amakonda kukhala ndi mdima wochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamadongosolo a 0.001 e-/p/s akazizira.
● 'On-pixel' Binning: Mukamanga, ma CCD amawonjezera ndalama musanawerenge, osati pambuyo, kutanthauza kuti palibe phokoso lowonjezera lowerengedwa. Mdima wakuda umachuluka, koma monga taonera pamwambapa, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika kwambiri.
● Global Shutter: 'Interline' CCD masensa amagwira ntchito ndi chotseka chenicheni padziko lonse lapansi. Masensa a CCD a 'Frame Transfer' amagwiritsa ntchito chotsekera cha 'theka lapadziko lonse' (onani 'Masked' a Chithunzi 45) - njira yosinthira chimango kuti ayambe ndi kutsiriza kuwonetseredwa sinthawi imodzi, koma nthawi zambiri amatenga ma microseconds 1-10. Ma CCD ena amagwiritsa ntchito makina otseka.
Kuipa kwa CCD Sensors
● Kuthamanga Kwambiri: Kutulutsa kwa data mu pixels pa sekondi iliyonse kumatha kukhala pafupifupi ma Megapixel 20 pamphindikati (MP/s), zofanana ndi chithunzi cha 4 MP pa 5 fps. Izi ndi pafupifupi 20x pang'onopang'ono kuposa CMOS yofanana, ndipo osachepera 100x pang'onopang'ono kuposa CMOS yothamanga kwambiri.
● Phokoso Lalikulu Kwambiri: Phokoso lowerenga mu CCDs ndilokwera, makamaka chifukwa chofuna kuyendetsa ma ADC (ma) pamlingo wapamwamba kuti mukwaniritse liwiro la kamera. 5 mpaka 10 e- ndizofala pamakamera apamwamba a CCD.
● Mapikiselo Aakulu: Pazinthu zambiri, ma pixel ang'onoang'ono amapereka zabwino. Zomangamanga zamtundu wa CMOS zimalola kukula kocheperako kwa pixel kuposa CCD.
● Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Kwambiri: Zofunikira zamagetsi pakuyendetsa masensa a CCD ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa CMOS.
Ntchito za CCD Sensors mu Scientific Imaging
Ngakhale ukadaulo wa CMOS wayamba kutchuka, masensa a CCD akadali okondedwa muzojambula zina zasayansi pomwe mawonekedwe azithunzi, kukhudzika, komanso kusasinthika ndizofunikira. Kuthekera kwawo kopambana kujambula ma siginecha opepuka pang'ono ndi phokoso locheperako kumawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito molondola.
Zakuthambo
Masensa a CCD ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuyerekeza zakuthambo chifukwa amatha kujambula kuwala kocheperako kuchokera ku nyenyezi zakutali ndi milalang'amba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo owonera zakuthambo komanso zakuthambo zapamwamba za amateur pakuwonera zakuthambo kwanthawi yayitali, kupereka zithunzi zomveka bwino komanso zatsatanetsatane.
Microscopy ndi Life Sciences
Mu sayansi ya moyo, masensa a CCD amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwire zizindikiro zofooka za fluorescence kapena ma cell osadziwika bwino. Kukhudzika kwawo kwakukulu komanso kufanana kwawo kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati ma microscopy a fluorescence, kujambula kwa cell, ndi matenda a digito. Kuyankha kwawo kofananira kumatsimikizira kusanthula kolondola kwa kuchuluka.
Kufufuza kwa Semiconductor
Masensa a CCD ndi ofunikira kwambiri popanga ma semiconductor, makamaka pakuwunika kwawafa. Kusasinthika kwawo kwapamwamba komanso mawonekedwe osasinthika ndikofunikira kuti athe kuzindikira zolakwika zazing'ono mu tchipisi, kuwonetsetsa kulondola komwe kumafunikira pakupanga semiconductor.
X-ray ndi Scientific Imaging
Masensa a CCD amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozindikira ma X-ray ndi zida zina zapadera zojambulira. Kukhoza kwawo kusunga ma signature-to-noise ratios, makamaka atazirala, ndikofunikira kuti tiganizire momveka bwino m'mikhalidwe yovuta monga crystallography, kusanthula kwazinthu, komanso kuyesa kosawononga.
Kodi masensa a CCD Akugwirabe Ntchito Masiku Ano?
Tucsen H-694 & 674 CCD Kamera
Ngakhale kukula kwachangu kwaukadaulo wa CMOS, masensa a CCD sakhala osatha. Amakhalabe chisankho chomwe amakonda pakuwunika kocheperako komanso ntchito zojambulira zolondola kwambiri, pomwe mawonekedwe awo azithunzi osayerekezeka ndi mawonekedwe aphokoso ndizofunikira. M'magawo ngati zakuthambo zakuzama kapena ma microscopy apamwamba a fluorescence, makamera a CCD nthawi zambiri amapambana njira zambiri za CMOS.
Kumvetsetsa mphamvu ndi zofooka za masensa a CCD kumathandiza ofufuza ndi mainjiniya kusankha teknoloji yoyenera pa zosowa zawo zenizeni, kuonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito bwino pazasayansi kapena mafakitale.
FAQs
Ndisankhe liti sensa ya CCD?
Masensa a CCD ndi osowa kwambiri masiku ano kuposa zaka khumi zapitazo, popeza ukadaulo wa CMOS umayamba kusokoneza ngakhale magwiridwe antchito awo amdima. Komabe, nthawi zonse padzakhala mapulogalamu pomwe kuphatikiza kwawo mawonekedwe - monga mawonekedwe apamwamba azithunzi, phokoso lotsika, komanso kukhudzidwa kwakukulu - kumapereka mwayi.
Chifukwa chiyani makamera asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito masensa ozizira a CCD?
Kuziziritsa kumachepetsa phokoso la kutentha panthawi yojambula zithunzi, kumapangitsa kuti zithunzi ziwoneke bwino komanso kuti zikhale zomveka. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakujambula kwasayansi kocheperako komanso kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake ambiri apamwambamakamera asayansidalirani ma CCD oziziritsidwa kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyeretsa, zolondola.
Kodi kuphatikizika kwa ma sensor a CCD ndi EMCCD ndi chiyani, ndipo kumapangitsa bwanji magwiridwe antchito a kamera?
Masensa a CCD ndi EMCCD amatha 'kuphatikizana'. Kwa makamera a shutter padziko lonse lapansi, izi zikutanthauza kutha kuwerenga chimango cham'mbuyo panthawi yomwe chimango chotsatira chikuwonekera. Izi zimadzetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito (pafupifupi 100%), kutanthauza kuti nthawi yochepa imawonongeka osawonetsa mafelemu kuunika, motero mafelemu amakwera kwambiri.
Zindikirani: Mawonekedwe ophatikizika ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana la masensa otsekera.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za ma rolling shutters, chonde dinani:
Momwe Rolling Shutter Control Mode imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Ufulu wonse ndi wotetezedwa. Potchulapo, chonde vomerezani gwero:www.tucsen.com
