22/07/13Time Delay Integration (TDI) inzira yekufungidzira inofanobata-bata kufungidzira kwedhijitari - asi izvo zvichiri kupa mabhenefiti makuru pamucheto wekufungidzira nhasi. Pane mamiriro maviri ezvinhu umo TDI makamera anogona kupenya - ese ari maviri kana chinyorwa chekufungidzira chiri kufamba:
1 - Chidzidzo chekufungidzira chinogara chiri kufamba uye chinogara chichimhanya, sekutarisa pawebhu (sekuvheneka mapepa anofamba, mapurasitiki kana machira kune akaremara uye kukanganisa), mitsetse yegungano, kana micro fluidics uye fluid inoyerera.
2 - Static imaging zvidzidzo zvinogona kufananidzwa nekamera inotamiswa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo, nekufambisa nyaya kana kamera. Mienzaniso inosanganisira microscope slide scanning, kuongorora zvinhu, flat panel inspection etc.
Kana mamwe emamiriro aya achigona kushanda pakufungidzira kwako, peji ino yewebhu ichakubatsira kuona kana switch kubva kune akajairwa 2-dimensional 'area scan' kamera kuenda ku Line Scan TDI kamera inogona kupa kufungidzira kwako simba.
Dambudziko neArea-Scan & Moving Targets
● Kusajeka Kwekufamba
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira zviri kufamba nekudikanwa, semuenzaniso mukuyerera kwemvura kana kuongorora kwewebhu. Mune mamwe maapplication, akadai semasiraidhi scanning uye ongororo yemidziyo, kuchengeta chinyorwa chichifamba kunogona kukurumidza uye kushanda zvakanyanya pane kumisa kufamba kwechifananidzo chega chega chawanwa. Nekudaro, kumakamera enzvimbo-scan, kana chinyorwa chekufungidzira chiri kufamba maererano nekamera, izvi zvinogona kuunza dambudziko.
Motion blur kukanganisa mufananidzo wemotokari inofamba
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane kupenya kushoma kana panodiwa chimiro chepamusoro, nguva yakareba yekuratidzira kamera inogona kudiwa. Nekudaro, kufamba kwechinyorwa kuchaparadzira mwenje wayo pamusoro peakawanda kamera pixels panguva yekuratidzwa, zvichitungamira kune 'kufamba blur'. Izvi zvinogona kudzikiswa nekuchengetedza kuratidzwa kuri kupfupi-pasi penguva yaizotora imwe pfungwa pachinhu kuyambuka pixel kamera. Izvi ndizvounkazhinji pamutengo wemifananidzo yakasviba, ine ruzha, kazhinji isingagoneki.
●Kusona
Pamusoro pezvo, kazhinji kufungidzira mahombe kana kuenderera mberi ekufungidzira nemakamera enzvimbo yekutarisa kunoda kutorwa kwemifananidzo yakawanda, iyo inobva yasonanidzwa pamwechete. Uku kusona kunoda kupindirana mapixels pakati pemifananidzo yevavakidzani, kuderedza kushanda nesimba uye kuwedzera kuchengetwa kwedata uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa.
●Kupenya kusina kuenzana
Zvakare, kuvhenekera hakuzowanzo kuve kwakakwana kudzivirira nyaya uye artefacts pamiganhu pakati pemifananidzo yakasonwa. Zvakare, kupa kuvhenekera pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura yakakwana yenzvimbo-scan kamera ine simba rakakwana kazhinji kunoda kushandiswa kwepamusoro-simba, yakakwirira-inodhura DC magetsi masosi.
Kuvhenekera kusina kuenzana mukusonanidza kuwanda kwemifananidzo kutorwa kwehuropi hwembeva. Mufananidzo kubva kuna Watson et al. 2017: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180486
Chii chinonzi TDI kamera, uye inobatsira sei?
Mune akajairwa 2-dimensional nzvimbo-scan makamera, pane matanho matatu ekutora mufananidzo: pixel reset, exposure, uye kuverenga. Munguva yekuratidzwa, mapikicha kubva pachiitiko anoonekwa, zvichikonzera mafotoelectrons, ayo anochengetwa mumapikiseli ekhamera kusvika pakupera kwekuratidzwa. Iko kukosha kubva kune yega pixel inoverengerwa kunze, uye mufananidzo we2D unoumbwa. Iwo pixels anobva agadzikwa patsva uye machaji ese anobviswa kuti atange kuratidzwa kunotevera.
Zvisinei, sezvakataurwa, kana nyaya yekufungidzira ichifamba maererano nekamera, chiedza chinobva munyaya yacho chinogona kupararira pamusoro pemapikseli akawanda panguva iyi yekuratidzwa, zvichiita kuti pave nekusvibiswa. Makamera eTDI anokunda kudzikiswa uku achishandisa nzira yekuvandudza. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mu[Mhuka 1].
●Mashandiro eTDI Cameras
Makamera eTDI anoshanda nenzira yakasiana kuti atarise makamera. Sezvo nyaya yekufungidzira inofamba ichipfuura nekamera panguva yekuratidzwa, machaji emagetsi ekugadzira mufananidzo wakawanikwa anofambiswawo, achiramba ari muchibvumirano. Munguva yekuratidzwa, TDI makamera anokwanisa kusanganisa ese akawanikwa machaji kubva kune mumwe mutsara wemapikseli kune unotevera, pamwe nekamera, inowiriraniswa nekufamba kwechinyorwa chekufungidzira. Sezvo nyaya inofamba ichiyambuka kamera, mutsara wega wega (unozivikanwa se'TDI Stage'), inopa mukana mutsva wekufumura kamera kunyaya, uye kuunganidza chiratidzo.
Kamwe mutsara wemachaji akawanikwa asvika kumagumo kwekamera, ndipo chete ipapo kukosha kwacho kunoverengwa uye kuchengetwa se 1-dimensional chidimbu chemufananidzo. Iyo 2-D mufananidzo inoumbwa nekunamatira pamwechete yega yega inoteedzana chidimbu chemufananidzo apo kamera inoaverenga. Mutsara wega wega wemapikiseli mune zvinobuda matiraki emifananidzo uye mifananidzo yakafanana 'chidimbu' chechidzidzo chekufungidzira, zvichireva kuti zvisinei nekufamba, hapana kudzima.
●256x Yakareba Kuratidzwa
Nemakamera eTDI, nguva yekuratidzira inobudirira yemufananidzo inopiwa nenguva yese yazvinotora pane imwe pfungwa pachinhu kuyambuka mutsara wega wega wemapikiseli, nematanho anosvika 256 anowanikwa pane mamwe makamera eTDI. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nguva iripo yekuratidzira yakakura zvakapetwa ka256 pane iyo nzvimbo-scan kamera.
Izvi zvinogona kuunza imwe yezvigadziriso zviviri, kana chiyero chezvose. Chekutanga, kuwedzera kwakakosha mukumhanya kwekufungidzira kunogona kuwanikwa. Inofananidzwa nekamera yekuongorora nzvimbo, nyaya yekufungidzira inogona kufamba kusvika ku256x nekukurumidza ichiri kutora huwandu hwakafanana hwechiratidzo, ichipa mutsara wemutsara wekhamera inokurumidza zvakakwana kuti irambe iripo.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, kana kunzwisiswa kukuru kuchidikanwa, nguva yakareba yekuratidzira inogona kugonesa mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro, kuderera kwechiedza, kana zvese zviri zviviri.
●Yakakura data throughput pasina kusona
Sezvo iyo TDI kamera inogadzira 2-dimensional mufananidzo kubva inotevedzana 1-dimensional zvimedu, mhedzisiro mufananidzo unogona kunge wakakura sezvinodiwa. Nepo huwandu hwemapikseli ari mu 'horizontal' gwara huchipihwa nehupamhi hwekamera, semuenzaniso 9072 pixels, saizi 'yakatwasuka' yemufananidzo haina muganho, uye inotariswa nekureba kwakaita kamera. Iine mitsetse mitsetse inosvika 510kHz, izvi zvinogona kuunza yakakura data throughput.
Yakasanganiswa neizvi, TDI makamera anogona kupa yakakura kwazvo minda yekuona. Semuenzaniso, 9072 pixel kamera ine 5µm pixels inopa yakachinjika ndima yekuona ye45mm ine yakakwirira resolution. Kuti uwane hupamhi hwekufungidzira hwakafanana ne5µm pixel area scan camera zvinoda kusvika matatu 4K kamera padivi nepadivi.
●Kuvandudzwa pamusoro pemutsara scan kamera
Makamera eTDI haangope kuvandudzwa pamusoro penzvimbo scanca kamera. Line scan kamera, iyo inongotora mutsara mumwe chete wemapikseli, zvakare inotambura kubva kune dzakawanda nyaya dzakafanana nekupenya kwakasimba uye kuratidzwa kupfupi senzvimbo yekutarisa kamera.
Kunyangwe semakamera eTDI, mutsara scanca kamera inopa kupenya kwakawanda nekuseta kuri nyore, uye kudzivirira kudiwa kwekusonanidzwa kwemifananidzo, vanogona kazhinji kuda kuvhenekera kwakanyanya uye / kana kunonoka kwechinyorwa kufamba kuti vatore chiratidzo chakaringana chemhando yepamusoro yemufananidzo. Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu uye kukurumidza kwechidzidzo chinomhanyisa icho TDI kamera inogonesa zvinoreva kuderera kwakadzika, kudhura kwemwenje kunogona kushandiswa uku uchivandudza kugona kwekufungidzira. Semuenzaniso, mutsara wekugadzira unogona kufamba kubva kumutengo wepamusoro-soro, simba rekushandisa halogen magetsi anoda DC simba, kuenda kumwenje we LED.
Makamera eTDI anoshanda sei?
Pane matatu akajairwa zviyero zvekuita sei TDI imaging pane kamera sensor.
● CCD TDI-CCD makamera ndiyo yekare maitiro edhijitari kamera. Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwavo kwemagetsi, kuwana TDI maitiro paCCD kuri nyore kwazvo, iine akawanda makamera masensa anokwanisa kushanda nenzira iyi. TDI CCDs saka zvave zvichishandiswa kwemakumi emakore.
Zvisinei, CCD tekinoroji ine painogumira. Iyo diki pixel saizi inowanzo wanikwa yeCCD TDI makamera akatenderedza 12µm x 12µm - izvi, pamwe nediki mapixel kuverenga, zvinomisa kugona kwekamera kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakanaka. Zvakare, kumhanya kwekutora kwakadzikira pane mamwe matekinoroji, nepo kuverenga ruzha- chinhu chikuru chinodzikisira mukufungidzira kwechiedza chakaderera - chakakwira. Kushandiswa kwesimba zvakare kwakakwira, chinova chinhu chikuru mune mamwe maapplication. Izvi zvakatungamira kune chishuwo chekugadzira TDI makamera zvichienderana neCMOS dhizaini.
●Kwekutanga CMOS TDI: Voltage-domain uye digital summing
Makamera eCMOS anokunda akawanda eruzha & nekumhanya zvipimo zveCCD makamera, uchishandisa simba shoma, uye achipa madiki pixel saizi. Nekudaro, maitiro eTDI aive akaomarara kuwana pamakamera eCMOS, nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwavo kwepixel. Nepo maCCDs achifambisa maphotoelectrons achitenderedza kubva pixel kuenda ku pixel kuti atore sensor, CMOS makamera anoshandura masaini mumafotoelectrons kune voltages mune yega pixel isati yaverenga.
Maitiro eTDI paCMOS sensor akaongororwa kubva 2001, zvisinei, dambudziko rekubata 'kuunganidzwa' kwechiratidzo sezvo kuratidzwa kunofamba kubva kune mumwe mutsetse kuenda kune unotevera kwaive kwakakosha. Nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzeCMOS TDI dzichiri kushandiswa mumakamera ekutengesa nhasi voltage-domain accumulation uye digital summing TDI CMOS. Mune voltage-domain accumulation makamera, sezvo mutsara wega wega wechiratidzo unowanikwa sezvo nyaya yekufungidzira inofamba yapfuura, iyo yakawanikwa voltage inowedzerwa nemagetsi kune yakazara kutorwa kwechikamu ichocho chemufananidzo. Kuunganidza ma voltages nenzira iyi kunosuma imwe ruzha kune yega yega TDI nhanho inowedzerwa, ichidzikamisa mabhenefiti emamwe matanho. Matambudziko ane mutsara anopikisawo kushandiswa kwemakamera aya kune chaiwo maapplication.
Yechipiri nzira ndeye digital summing TDI. Nenzira iyi, kamera yeCMOS iri kunyatso mhanya munzvimbo yekuvheneka modhi ine kuratidzwa kupfupi kunoenderana nenguva inotorwa kuti chidzidzo chekufungidzira chifambe nemumutsara mumwe wemapikisi. Asi, mitsara kubva kune yega yega inoteedzana furemu inowedzerwa pamwechete digitally nenzira yekuti TDI mhedzisiro inounzwa. Sezvo iyo kamera yese inofanirwa kuverengerwa kune yega mutsara wemapikseli mumufananidzo unobuda, iyi yekuwedzera yedhijitari inowedzerawo ruzha rwekuverenga rwemutsetse wega wega, uye inodzikamisa kumhanya kwekutora.
●Iyo yazvino chiyero: yekuchaja-domain TDI CMOS, kana CCD-pa-CMOS TDI
Izvo zvinogumira zveCMOS TDI pamusoro zvakakundwa munguva pfupi yapfuura kuburikidza nekuunzwa kwecharge-domain accumulation TDI CMOS, inozivikanwawo seCCD-on-CMOS TDI. Kushanda kwemasensor aya kunoratidzwa mu [Animation 1]. Sezvinoreva zita, masensa aya anopa maCCD-sekufamba kwemachaji kubva kune imwe pixel kuenda kune inotevera, ichiunganidza chiratidzo pane yega TDI nhanho kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwemafotoelectrons pamwero wechaji yega yega. Izvi zvinobudirira-isina ruzha. Nekudaro, izvo zvipimo zveCCD TDI zvinokurirwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweCMOS kuverenga kwekuvaka, ichigonesa kumhanya kwepamusoro, ruzha rwakaderera uye kuderera kwesimba kushandiswa kwakajairwa kumakamera eCMOS.
TDI Specifications: chii chakakosha?
●Technology:Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti iyo sensor tekinoroji inoshandiswa sezvakakurukurwa pamusoro apa. Charge-domain CMOS TDI ichaunza yakanakisa kuita.
●TDI Matanho:Iyi ndiyo nhamba yemitsara ye sensor pamusoro peiyo chiratidzo chinogona kuunganidzwa. Iyo yakawanda TDI nhanho ine kamera, iyo yakareba iyo inoshanda yekuratidzwa nguva inogona kuve. Kana, iyo inokurumidza iyo yekufungidzira nyaya inogona kufamba, ichipa kamera ine yakakwana mutsara chiyero.
●Line Rate:Ndeapi mitsara iyo kamera inogona kuverenga pasekondi. Izvi zvinotarisa kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekufamba uko kamera inogona kufambirana nayo.
●Quantum Kubudirira: Izvi zvinoratidza kunzwisiswa kwekamera pakuvheneka pamasaisai akasiyana-siyana, zvichipihwa nemukana wekuti chiitiko chefoton chionekwe uye kugadzira photoelectron. Yepamusoro quantum kunyatsogona kunogona kupa yakaderera kuvhenekera simba, kana kukurumidza kushanda uchichengetedza iwo masaini masaini mazinga.
Pamusoro pezvo, makamera anosiyana pawavelength renji panogona kuwanikwa kunzwisiswa kwakanaka, aine mamwe makamera achipa kunzwisiswa kusvika kumagumo e-ultra-violet (UV) eiyo spectrum, panosvika mazana maviri nm wavelength.
●Verenga Noise:Ruzha rwekuverenga ndicho chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukunzwa kwekamera, kuona chiratidzo chidiki chinogona kuwonekwa pamusoro pepasi ruzha rwekamera. Neruzha rwakakura rwekuverenga, maficha akasviba haagone kuonekwa uye simba rekuchinja rakadzikiswa zvakanyanya, zvichireva kuti kupenya kwakajeka kana nguva refu yekuratidzwa & kumhanya kunononoka kunofanirwa kushandiswa.
TDI Specifications: chii chakakosha?
Parizvino, makamera eTDI anoshandiswa kuongorora webhu, zvemagetsi uye kuongorora kugadzira, uye mamwe mashandisirwo ekuona muchina. Padivi peizvi pane zvinonetsa zvakaderera-mwenje zvikumbiro senge fluorescence imaging uye slide scanning.
Nekudaro, nekuunzwa kweyepamusoro-kumhanya, yakaderera ruzha, yakakwirira senitivity TDI CMOS makamera, pane mukana mukuru wekukurumidza uye nekubudirira kwekuwedzera mumashandisirwo matsva aimboshandisa nzvimbo-scan kamera. Sezvatakazivisa pakutanga kwechinyorwa, TDI makamera anogona kunge ari sarudzo yakanakisa yekuwana kumhanya kwakanyanya uye yakakwirira mifananidzo yemhando yezvidzidzo zvekufungidzira zviri kuramba zvichifamba, kana uko kamera yaigona kutariswa pane static imaging zvidzidzo.
Semuyenzaniso, mukushandisa maikorosikopu, tinogona kuenzanisa kumhanya kwe theoretical acquisition ye9K pixel, 256 stage TDI kamera ine 5 µm pixels kune 12MP kamera area scan camera ine 5 µm pixels. Ngationgororei kuwana 10 x 10 mm nzvimbo ine 20x magnification kuburikidza nekufambisa danho.
1. Kushandisa chinangwa che 20x nenharaunda scan camera kwaizounza 1.02 x 0.77 mm imaging ndima yekuona.
2. Nekamera yeTDI, chinangwa che 10x chine 2x kuwedzera kukwidziridzwa chinogona kushandiswa kukunda chero chipingamupinyi mundima yemicroscope yekuona, kuendesa 2.3mm yakatwasuka ndima yekuona yekuona.
3. Tichifunga kuti 2% pixel inopindirana pakati pemifananidzo yezvinangwa zvekusona, masekonzi 0.5 ekufambisa danho kuenda kunzvimbo yakatarwa, uye 10ms exposure time, tinogona kuverenga nguva ingatore nzvimbo kamera. Saizvozvo, isu tinokwanisa kuverenga nguva iyo TDI kamera yaizotora kana nhanho yaichengetwa ichifamba-famba kuti itarise munzira yeY, ine nguva yakafanana yekuratidzwa pamutsetse.
4. Muchiitiko ichi, nzvimbo yekamera yekamera ingada mifananidzo ye140 kuti iwanikwe, nemasekonzi makumi matanhatu nematatu anopedzwa pakufambisa danho. Iyo TDI kamera yaizongotora 5 mifananidzo yakareba, nemasekonzi maviri chete anoshandiswa kufambisa nhanho kuenda kune inotevera koramu.
5. Nguva yose yakashandiswa kuwana nzvimbo ye10 x 10 mm yaizova64.4 masekondi enzvimbo scanner kamera,uye chete9.9 masekondi eiyo TDI kamera.
Kana iwe uchida kuona kana TDI kamera ingafananidza application yako uye kusangana nezvido zvako, taura nesu nhasi.
