25/07/31Kunyangwe muna 2025, masensa eCMOS anotonga sainzi nekufungidzira kwevatengi zvakafanana, izvi zvaisave zvakadaro.
CCD inomirira 'Charge-Coupled Device', uye CCD sensors aive masensor ekutanga edigital camera, akatanga kugadzirwa muna 1970. CCD- neEMCCD-based cameras dzaiwanzokurudzirwa kushandiswa kwesainzi kusvika makore mashoma apfuura. Matekinoroji ese ari maviri achiri kurarama nhasi, kunyangwe mashandisiro awo ava niche.
Mwero wekuvandudza uye kuvandudzwa kweCMOS sensors inoramba ichiwedzera. Musiyano uripo pakati peaya matekinoroji uri munzira yaanoita uye kuverenga yakaonekwa yemagetsi kuchaja.
Chii chinonzi CCD Sensor?
CCD sensor imhando ye sensor yemufananidzo inoshandiswa kutora mwenje uye kuishandura kuita masaini edhijitari. Iyo ine ruzhinji rwemapikisi anonzwa chiedza anounganidza mafotoni oashandura kuita machaji emagetsi.
CCD sensor kuverenga inosiyana neCMOS munzira nhatu dzakakosha:
● Charge Transfer: Maphotoelectrons akatorwa anofambiswa neelectrostatically pixel-to-pixel kuyambuka sensor kuenda kunzvimbo yekuverenga pazasi.
● Mutoo Wekuverenga: Panzvimbo pemutsara wese weanalogue kuenda kudhijitari inoshandura (ADCs) inoshanda zvakafanana, maCCD anoshandisa imwe chete kana maviri ADCs (kana dzimwe nguva anopfuura) anoverenga mapixels achitevedzana.
Capacitor uye Amplifier Placement: Panzvimbo ye capacitor uye amplifiers mune yega pixel, imwe neimwe ADC ine imwe capacitor uye amplifier.
CCD Sensor Inoshanda Sei?
Heano maitiro eCCD sensor inoshanda kuwana uye kugadzirisa mufananidzo:
Mufananidzo: Kuverenga maitiro eCCD sensor
Pakupera kwekuratidzwa kwavo, CCD sensors inotanga kufamba yakaunganidza mari mukati menzvimbo yakavharidzirwa mukati mepixel imwe neimwe (isina kuratidzwa). Zvadaro, mutsara mumwe panguva, mhosva dzinoendeswa murejista yekuverenga. Koramu imwe panguva, miripo mukati merejista yekuverenga inoverengwa.
1. Charge Clearing: Kutanga kutora, kubhadharisa kunobviswa panguva imwe chete kubva kune yese sensor (global shutter).
2. Charge Accumulation: Charge inounganidza panguva yekuratidzwa.
3. Charge Storage: Pakupera kwekuratidzwa, mhosva dzakaunganidzwa dzinoendeswa kunzvimbo yakafukidzwa mukati mepixel yega yega (inonzi interline transfer CCD), kwavanogona kumirira kuverenga pasina mafotoni matsva aonekwa achiverengwa.
4. Kuratidzwa kweInotevera Frame: Nemachaji akaonekwa akachengetwa munzvimbo yakafukidzwa yemapikseli, iyo inoshanda nzvimbo yepixels inogona kutanga kuratidzwa kweiyo inotevera furemu (inopindirana modhi).
5. Sequential Readout: Mutsara mumwe panguva, machaji kubva mumutsara wega wega wefuremu yakapedzwa inofambiswa mu'reji yekuverengera'.
6. Kuverenga Kwekupedzisira: Koramu imwe panguva, machaji kubva papixel yega yega anovharirwa munzvimbo yekuverenga kuti averenge paADC.
7. Kudzokorora: Maitiro aya anodzokororwa kusvika mhosva dzaonekwa mumapikseli ese dzaverengwa.
Iri bhodhoro rinokonzerwa nemhosva dzose dzakaonekwa dziri kuverengwa nenhamba shoma (dzimwe nguva imwe) yezviverengero zvekuverenga, inotungamirira kumiganhu yakakomba muhuwandu hwemashoko eCCD sensors kana ichienzaniswa neCMOS.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveCCD Sensors
| Pros | Cons |
| Yakadzika Yakasviba Yazvino Kazhinji ~0.001 e⁻/p/s kana yatonhodzwa. | Yakaganhurirwa Yekumhanyisa Yekupfuura ~ 20 MP/s - inononoka kupfuura CMOS. |
| Pa-Pixel Binning Charges inopfupikiswa isati yaverengwa, inoderedza ruzha. | High Read Noise 5–10 e⁻ yakajairika nekuda kweiyo single-point ADC kuverenga. |
| Global Shutter Chokwadi chepasirese kana padyo-yepasivhavhavhavha muinterline/frame-transfer CCDs. | Yakakura Pixel Size haigone kuenderana neiyo miniaturization CMOS inopa. |
| High Image Uniformity Yakanakisa yehuwandu hwekufungidzira. | Kushandisa Simba Repamusoro Inoda simba rakawanda pakuchinja kwechaji uye kuverenga. |
Zvakanakira zveCCD Sensor
● Yakaderera rima Current: Pachisikigo setekinoroji, manzwi eCCD anowanzo kuve neakadzika kwazvo rima razvino, kazhinji pahurongwa hwe0.001 e-/p/s kana yatonhodzwa.
● 'On-pixel' Binning: Kana uchisunga, maCCD anowedzera machaji asati averenga, kwete mushure, zvichireva kuti hapana ruzha rwekuverenga rwunounzwa. Rima razvino rinowedzera, asi sezvakataurwa pamusoro, izvi zvinowanzo kuderera.
● Global Shutter: 'Interline' CCD sensors inoshanda neiyo yechokwadi yepasi rose shutter. 'Frame Transfer' CCD masensa anoshandisa 'hafu yepasi rose' shutter (ona 'Masked' dunhu reMufananidzo 45) - kutamisa furemu kutanga uye kugumisa kuratidzwa hakusi panguva imwe chete, asi kazhinji kunotora kurongeka kwe1-10 microseconds. Mamwe maCCD anoshandisa mechanical shuttering.
Cons yeCCD Sensors
● Kukurumidza Kuderera: yakajairika data throughput mumapikisesi pasekondi inogona kutenderedza 20 Megapixels pasekondi (MP/s), yakaenzana ne 4 MP mufananidzo pa5 fps. Izvi zvakatenderedza 20x inononoka pane yakaenzana CMOS, uye ingangoita 100x inononoka pane yakakwirira-kumhanya CMOS.
● Ruzha Rwepamusoro: Verenga ruzha muCCDs yakakwira, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuda kumhanya maADC (s) pamwero wepamusoro kuti uwane inogoneka kamera kumhanya. 5 kusvika 10 e- yakajairika kune yakakwirira-yekupedzisira CCD makamera.
● Mapikicha akakura: Kune akawanda maapplication, mapixel madiki anopa zvakanakira. Yakajairika CMOS dhizaini inobvumira diki diki pixel saizi pane CCD.
● Kushandisa Simba Kwakanyanya: Izvo zvinodikanwa zvesimba zvekumhanyisa CCD sensors zvakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura CMOS.
Zvishandiso zveCCD Sensors muScientific Imaging
Kunyangwe tekinoroji yeCMOS yawana mukurumbira, manzwi eCCD achiri kufarirwa mune mamwe mashandisirwo ekufungidzira esainzi uko mhando yemufananidzo, kunzwa, uye kuenderana kwakakosha. Kugona kwavo kwepamusoro kubata masiginecha ane mwenje wakaderera neruzha rushoma kunoita kuti ive yakanaka kune chaiyo maapplication.
Astronomy
CCD sensors inokosha mukufungidzira kwenyeredzi nekuda kwekukwanisa kwavo kutora chiedza chisina kusimba kubva kune nyeredzi dziri kure uye magalaxi. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune ese ari maviri ekuongorora uye yepamusoro yeamateur astronomy yenguva refu-kuratidzwa yeastrophotography, kuendesa yakajeka, yakadzama mifananidzo.
Microscopy uye Hupenyu Sayenzi
Muhupenyu sainzi, manzwi eCCD anoshandiswa kutora masaini asina simba efluorescence kana akapusa cellular maumbirwo. Kunzwa kwavo kwakanyanya uye kufanana kunoita kuti vave vakakwana pakushandisa senge fluorescence microscopy, live cell imaging, uye digital pathology. Mhinduro yavo yemwenje yemutsara inova nechokwadi chekuongorora kwehuwandu.
Semiconductor Kuongorora
CCD sensors yakakosha mukugadzira semiconductor, kunyanya yekuongorora wafer. Kugadziriswa kwavo kwepamusoro uye kunoenderana kwekufungidzira mhando kwakakosha pakuona kukanganiswa kwediki-diki mumachipisi, kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi chinodiwa mukugadzirwa kwesemiconductor.
X-ray uye Scientific Imaging
CCD sensors dzinoshandiswawo muX-ray yekuona masisitimu uye mamwe ehunyanzvi ekufungidzira maapplication. Kugona kwavo kuchengetedza yakakwirira-signal-to-noise ratios, kunyanya kana yatonhodzwa, yakakosha pakufungidzira kwakajeka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akadai secrystallography, kuongororwa kwezvinhu, uye kuyedza kusiri kuparadza.
Iko CCD Sensors Ichiri Kushanda Nhasi?
Tucsen H-694 & 674 CCD Kamera
Pasinei nekukurumidzira kukura kweCMOS teknolojia, CCD sensors iri kure nekusashanda. Ivo vanoramba vari sarudzo inosarudzika mu-ultra-low light uye yakakwirira-chaiyo yekufungidzira mabasa, uko yavo isingaenzaniswi yemhando yemifananidzo uye ruzha hunhu hwakakosha. Muminda yakaita seyakadzika-chadenga nyeredzi kana advanced fluorescence microscopy, CCD makamera anowanzo kukunda akawanda maCMOS dzimwe nzira.
Kunzwisisa simba uye kushaya simba kweCCD sensors kunobatsira vatsvakurudzi nevanjiniya kusarudza tekinoroji yakakodzera kune zvavanoda chaizvo, kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakaringana mumashandisirwo avo esainzi kana maindasitiri.
FAQs
Ndirini pandinofanira kusarudza CCD sensor?
CCD sensors yanyanya kushomeka nhasi kupfuura makore gumi apfuura, sezvo tekinoroji yeCMOS inotanga kupindira pakuita kwavo kwakasviba kwazvino. Nekudaro, pachagara paine maapplication uko kusanganiswa kwavo kwemaitiro ekuita-semhando yepamusoro yemufananidzo, ruzha rwakaderera, uye kunzwa kwakanyanya-kunopa mukana.
Sei makamera esainzi anoshandisa ma sensor eCCD akatonhodzwa?
Kutonhodza kunoderedza ruzha rwekupisa panguva yekutora mufananidzo, kunatsiridza kujeka kwemufananidzo uye kunzwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune yakaderera-chiedza uye kwenguva refu-kuratidzwa kwesainzi imaging, ndicho chikonzero vazhinji vepamusoro-soromakamera esainzivimba neCCDs dzakatonhodzwa kuti dzichenese, dzakanyatsojeka mhedzisiro.
Chii chinonzi overlap mode muCCD uye EMCCD sensors, uye inovandudza sei kuita kwekamera?
CCD uye EMCCD masensa anowanzo kwanisa 'kupindirana modhi'. Kune makamera epasi rose evhavha, izvi zvinoreva kugona kuverenga iyo yapfuura furemu panguva yekuratidzwa kweiyo inotevera furemu. Izvi zvinotungamira kune yakakwira (pedyo ne100%) yebasa kutenderera, zvichireva kuti nguva shoma inotambiswa kusafumura mafuremu kuchiedza, uye nekudaro yakakwirira furemu mitengo.
Ongorora: Kupindirana modhi ine chirevo chakasiyana chekutenderedza shutter sensors.
Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve rolling shutters, ndapota tinya:
Iyo Rolling Shutter Control Mode Inoshanda uye Mashandisiro Ekuita
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Kodzero dzese dzakachengetwa. Paunenge uchitaura, ndapota bvuma kwakabva:www.tucsen.com
