25/07/31In kasta oo sanadka 2025, dareemayaasha CMOS ay si isku mid ah u maamulaan sawirka sayniska iyo macaamiisha, tani had iyo jeer may ahayn xaaladdu.
CCD waxay u taagan tahay 'Aalladda Isku-xidhan ee Dareemaha', iyo dareemayaasha CCD waxay ahaayeen dareemayaasha kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah ee asalka ah, oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1970. Kaamirooyinka CCD- iyo EMCCD ayaa caadi ahaan lagula talinayaa codsiyada sayniska ilaa dhowr sano ka hor. Labada teknoolajiyada ayaa weli nool maanta, in kasta oo adeegsigoodu uu noqday meel wanaagsan.
Heerka hagaajinta iyo horumarinta dareemayaasha CMOS ayaa sii kordhaya. Farqiga u dhexeeya tignoolajiyadaasi waxay ugu horrayn ku jirtaa habka ay u shaqeeyaan oo ay u akhriyaan kharashyada elegtarooniga ah ee la ogaaday.
Waa maxay CCD Sensor?
Dareemaha CCD waa nooc ka mid ah dareemayaasha sawirka loo isticmaalo in lagu qabto iftiinka oo loogu beddelo calaamadaha dhijitaalka ah. Waxa ay ka kooban tahay pixels-xasaasi ah oo kala duwan oo ururinaya sawir-qaade oo u rogaya kharashyo koronto.
Akhrinta dareemaha CCD waxay kaga duwan tahay CMOS saddex siyaabood oo muhiim ah:
● Lacag wareejinSawirada elektiroonigga ah ee la qabtay ayaa si koronto ahaan loo dhaqaajiyay pixel-to-pixel oo dhan dareenka ilaa meel wax akhrinta ee hoose.
● Farsamaynta akhriska: Halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen saf dhan analooga to converters dhijitaalka ah (ADCs) oo si barbar socda u shaqaynaya, CCD-yadu waxa ay isticmaalaan hal ama laba ADC (ama mararka qaarkood ka badan) kuwaas oo si xidhiidh ah u akhriya pixels.
Meelaynta Capacitor iyo Amplifier: Meesha capacitors iyo amplifiers ee pixel kasta, ADC kastaa wuxuu leeyahay hal capacitor iyo amplifier.
Sidee buu u shaqeeyaa CCD Sensor?
Waa kan sida dareemaha CCD u shaqeeyo si uu u helo oo uu u habeeyo sawirka:
Jaantus: Habka akhrinta ee dareenka CCD
Dhammaadka soo bandhigiddooda, dareemayaasha CCD waxay marka hore u dhaqaaqaan kharashyada la soo ururiyey gudaha meel lagu kaydiyo wejiyada oo ku dhex jira pixel kasta (aan muuqan). Dabadeed, hal safba mar, kharashyada ayaa loo raray diiwaanka akhrinta. Hal tiirba mar, kharashyada ku jira diiwaanka akhrinta waa la akhriyaa.
1. Nadiifinta Lacagta: Si aad u bilowdo iibsiga, kharashka ayaa isku mar laga nadiifiyaa dareemaha oo dhan (global shutter).
2. Lacag ururin: Kharashka ayaa urura inta lagu jiro soo-gaadhista.
3. Kharash KaydintaDhammaadka soo-gaadhista, kharashyada la ururiyey waxaa loo rari doonaa meel daboolan oo ku dhex jirta pixel kasta (oo loo yaqaan interline transfer CCD), halkaas oo ay ku sugi karaan akhrinta iyada oo aan la tirin sawir-qaade cusub.
4. Soo bandhigida Qaabka Xiga: Iyada oo kharashyada la ogaaday lagu kaydiyo aagga maaskarada ah ee pixels, aagga firfircoon ee pixels wuxuu bilaabi karaa soo-gaadhista qaabka soo socda (qaabka isku dhafka ah).
5. Akhriska xidhiidhsan: Hal safba mar, kharashyada saf kasta oo ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka la dhammeeyey ayaa loo rari doonaa 'diiwaanka akhriska'.
6. Akhriska u dambeeya: Hal tiirba mar, kharashyada ka imanaya pixel kasta ayaa lagu xidhaa marinka akhriska ee akhriska ee ADC.
7. Ku celcelintaHabkani waa soo noqnoqda ilaa la ogaado eedaha ku jira pixels oo dhan waa la tiriyaa.
Caqiidadan oo ay sababtay dhammaan eedeymaha la ogaaday oo ay akhriyeen tiro yar (mararka qaarkood) ee dhibcaha akhrinta, waxay keenaysaa xaddidaadyo daran ee soo-saarka xogta dareemayaasha CCD marka la barbar dhigo CMOS.
Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka Sensors CCD
| Faa'iidooyinka | Qasaarooyinka |
| Hadda Madow Hoose Sida caadiga ah ~0.001 e⁻/p/s marka la qaboojiyo. | Xawaaraha xaddidan ee wax soo saarka caadiga ah ~20 MP/s — aad uga gaabiya CMOS. |
| Kharashka Bining On-Pixel waxa la soo koobaa ka hor inta aan la akhriyin, taas oo yaraynaysa qaylada. | Sawaxanka Akhriska Sare 5-10 e⁻ waa wax caadi ah sababtoo ah akhrinta hal-dhibic ADC. |
| Global Shutter Run caalami ah ama u dhow-caalamka xidhidhka dhexda/wareejinta CCD-yada. | Cabbirrada Pixel ee ka weyn lama mid noqon karo wax-yaraynta CMOS waxay bixiso. |
| Midnimada Sawirka Sare Aad ugu fiican sawiridda tirada | Isticmaalka Korontada Sare Waxay u baahan tahay awood dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan beddelka iyo akhrinta. |
Faa'iidooyinka CCD Sensor
● Madow hooseeya hadda: Sida tignoolajiyada ahaan, dareemayaasha CCD waxay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin qulqul mugdi ah oo aad u hooseeya, sida caadiga ah nidaamka 0.001 e-/p/s marka la qaboojiyo.
● 'On-pixel' Binning: Marka la isku dhejiyo, CCD-yadu waxay ku daraan kharashyada ka hor akhrinta, maaha ka dib, taasoo la macno ah in aan buuq dheeraad ah la gelin. Hadda mugdiga ahi wuu kordhaa, laakiin sida kor lagu xusay, inta badan waa mid aad u hoosaysa.
● Shutter caalami ahDareemayaasha 'Interline' ee CCD waxay ku shaqeeyaan shutter caalami ah oo run ah. Dareemayaasha 'Brame Transfer' CCD waxay adeegsadaan shutter 'caalami ah oo kala bar' (fiiri gobolka 'Masked' ee Jaantuska 45) - Habka wareejinta jir ee bilawga iyo joojinta soo-gaadhista run ahaantii isku mar maaha, laakiin caadi ahaan waxay qaadataa isku xigxiga 1-10 microse seconds. Qaar ka mid ah CCD-yada waxay adeegsadaan xiritaanka farsamada.
Qasaarooyinka dareemayaasha CCD
Xawaaraha xaddidan: soo saarista xogta caadiga ah ee pixels halkii ilbiriqsi waxay noqon kartaa ilaa 20 megapixels ilbiriqsikii (MP/s), oo u dhiganta sawirka 4 MP ee 5fps. Tani waxay ku dhowdahay 20x ka gaabis ah CMOS u dhiganta, iyo ugu yaraan 100x ka gaabis ah CMOS-xawaaraha sare.
● Sawaxanka Akhriska SareAkhri dhawaaqa CCD-yada waa mid sarreeya, inta badan waxaa sabab u ah baahida loo qabo in lagu socodsiiyo ADC(-yada) si aad u sarreeya si loo gaaro xawaaraha kamarada la isticmaali karo. 5 ilaa 10 e- waxay caadi u tahay kamaradaha CCD ee heerkoodu sarreeyo.
● Pixels ka waaweynCodsiyo badan, pixels yar ayaa bixiya faa'iidooyin. Nashqada caadiga ah ee CMOS waxay ogolaataa cabbirada pixel ka yar marka loo eego CCD.
● Isticmaalka Korontada SareShuruudaha awoodda ee ku shaqaynta dareemayaasha CCD aad bay uga sarreeyaan CMOS.
Codsiyada Dareemaha CCD ee Sawirka Sayniska
Inkasta oo tignoolajiyada CMOS ay heshay caannimo, dareemayaasha CCD ayaa wali lagu door bidaa codsiyada sawirida sayniska qaarkood halkaasoo tayada sawirka, dareenka, iyo joogteynta ay muhiim tahay. Awooddooda sare si ay u qabtaan calaamadaha iftiinka hooseeya ee sanqadh yar ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon codsiyada saxda ah.
Cilmiga xidigiska
Dareemayaasha CCD waxay muhiim u yihiin sawirka cirbixiyeenada sababtoo ah awooddooda inay qabtaan iftiinka daciifka ah ee xiddigaha fog iyo galaxies. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa labadaba indho-indheynta iyo xiddigiska hiwaayadda sare leh ee hawada-qaadista muddada-dheer, iyagoo soo bandhigaya sawirro cad oo faahfaahsan.
Microscope iyo Sayniska Nolosha
Sayniska nolosha, dareemayaasha CCD waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qabto calaamadaha iftiinka iftiinka ama qaab-dhismeedka gacanta oo qarsoon. Dareenkooda sare iyo labbisnimadooda ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon codsiyada sida mikroskoobyada fluorescence, sawirka unugyada nool, iyo pathology dhijitaalka ah. Jawaabtooda iftiinka tooska ah waxay hubisaa falanqaynta tirada saxda ah.
Kormeerka Semiconductor
Dareemayaasha CCD ayaa muhiim u ah wax soo saarka semiconductor, gaar ahaan kormeerka waferka. Xallintooda sare iyo tayada sawirida joogtada ah ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah aqoonsiga cilladaha cabbirka yar ee chips, hubinta saxnaanta looga baahan yahay wax soo saarka semiconductor.
raajada iyo Sawirka Sayniska
Dareemayaasha CCD ayaa sidoo kale lagu shaqeeyaa hababka ogaanshaha raajada iyo codsiyada sawir-qaadista ee kale ee gaarka ah. Awooddooda ay ku joogteeyaan saamiga sare ee signal-ilaa-sanqa, gaar ahaan marka la qaboojiyo, ayaa muhiim u ah sawir-qaadista cad ee xaaladaha adag sida crystallography, falanqaynta agabka, iyo tijaabinta aan burburin.
Dareemayaasha CCD wali miyay khuseeyaan maanta?
Tucsen H-694 & 674 CCD Camera
In kasta oo horumarka degdega ah ee tignoolajiyada CMOS, dareemayaasha CCD aad ayay uga fog yihiin gabowga. Waxay ku ahaanayaan doorashada la door bidayo ee iftiinka aadka u hooseeya iyo hawlaha sawir-qaadista ee saxda ah, halkaasoo tayada muuqaalkooda iyo sifooyinkooda qaylada ay muhiim u yihiin. Goobaha sida cirfiidka-meel-dheer ama microscopy-ka sare ee fluorescence, kamaradaha CCD waxay inta badan ka sarreeyaan beddelaadyo badan oo CMOS ah.
Fahmidda xoogga iyo daciifnimada dareemayaasha CCD waxay ka caawisaa cilmi-baarayaasha iyo injineerada inay doortaan tignoolajiyada saxda ah ee baahiyahooda gaarka ah, iyagoo hubinaya waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan codsiyadooda sayniska ama warshadaha.
FAQs
Goorma ayaan dooranayaa dareeraha CCD?
Dareemayaasha CCD aad ayey uga yar yihiin maanta toban sano ka hor, maadaama tignoolajiyada CMOS ay bilaabeyso inay ku xad gudubto xitaa waxqabadkooda mugdiga ah ee hadda hooseeya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa had iyo jeer jiri doona codsiyo halkaas oo isku-darka sifooyinka waxqabadka-sida tayada sawirka sare, buuq yar, iyo dareenka sare - waxay bixisaa faa'iido
Maxay kamaradaha sayniska u isticmaalaan dareemayaasha CCD ee la qaboojiyey?
Qaboojintu waxay yaraynaysaa qaylada kulaylka inta lagu jiro qabashada sawirka, hagaajinta muuqaalka muuqaalka iyo dareenka. Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu tahay iftiinka-hooseeya iyo sawir-qaadista cilmi-baarista ee dheer, taas oo ah sababta qaar badan oo heer sare ahkamaradaha sayniskaku tiirsanow CCD-yada la qaboojiyey si aad u nadiifiso, natiijooyin sax ah u hesho.
Waa maxay qaabka isku dhafka ah ee CCD iyo EMCCD, sidee ayay u wanaajisaa waxqabadka kamarada?
Dareemayaasha CCD iyo EMCCD waxay caadi ahaan awood u leeyihiin 'hab isku dhafan'. Kaamirooyinka shutter-ka caalamiga ah, tani waxa ay tilmaamaysaa awoodda lagu akhrin karo qaab-dhismeedkii hore inta lagu jiro soo-gaadhista jir-ku-xiga. Tani waxay keenaysaa wareeg shaqo oo sarreeya (ku dhawaad 100%), taasoo la micno ah wakhtiga ugu yar ayaa la luminayaa iyada oo aan loo soo bandhigin xayndaabyada iftiinka, oo markaa heerarka jirku sareeyo.
Fiiro gaar ah: Habka isku dhafka ah ayaa macne ka duwan u leh dareemayaasha dareemaha ee duuban.
Haddii aad rabto in aad wax badan ka ogaato xirmooyinka duubista, fadlan guji:
Sida Habka Xakamaynta Shutter-ka Rolling Shutter uu u shaqeeyo iyo sida loo isticmaalo
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Dhammaan xuquuqaha way xifdisan yihiin. Markaad xiganayso, fadlan qir isha:www.tucsen.com
