25/07/31Nangona ngo-2025, izinzwa ze-CMOS zilawula inzululwazi kunye nokucinga kwabathengi ngokufanayo, oku bekungasoloko kunjalo.
I-CCD imele i-'Charge-Coupled Device', kwaye abenzi boluvo beCCD yayizezona zoluvo zekhamera yedijithali, ezaqala ukuphuhliswa ngo-1970. Iikhamera zeCCD- kunye ne-EMCCD zaziqhele ukucetyiswa kwizicelo zenzululwazi kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Zombini itekhnoloji zisasinda namhlanje, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuye kwaba yi-niche.
Izinga lokuphucula kunye nophuhliso lwe-CMOS sensors iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Umahluko phakathi kobu bugcisa ulele ikakhulu kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo kunye nokufunda intlawulo ye-elektroniki efunyenweyo.
Yintoni i-CCD yoluvo?
Inzwa ye-CCD luhlobo lwenzwa yomfanekiso esetyenziselwa ukubamba ukukhanya kunye nokuguqula kwiimpawu zedijithali. Iqulathe uluhlu lweepikseli ezibuthathaka kukukhanya eziqokelela iifotoni kwaye ziziguqule zibe yintlawuliso yombane.
Ukufundwa kwesivamvo seCCD kwahluka kwi-CMOS ngeendlela ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:
● Ukutshintshela intlawulo: Iifotoelectrons ezibanjiweyo zihanjiswa nge-electrostatically pixel-to-pixel ngapha kwesixhobo soluvo ukuya kwindawo yokufunda ezantsi.
● Inkqubo yokufunda: Endaweni yoluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-analogue ukuya kwiziguquli zedijithali (ADCs) ezisebenza ngokufanayo, iiCCDs zisebenzisa i-ADC enye okanye ezimbini (okanye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu) ezifunda ipixels ngokulandelelanayo.
I-Capacitor kunye ne-Amplifier Placement: Endaweni ye-capacitors kunye ne-amplifiers kwi-pixel nganye, i-ADC nganye ine-capacitor kunye ne-amplifier.
Sisebenza Njani Uluvo lweCCD?
Nantsi indlela isivamvo seCCD esisebenza ngayo ukufumana nokuqhubekekisa umfanekiso:
Umfanekiso: Inkqubo yokufunda ye-CCD yoluvo
Ekupheleni kokuvezwa kwazo, abenzi boluvo beCCD baqala baqokelela iintlawulo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina egqunyiweyo ngaphakathi kwepikseli nganye (engaboniswanga). Emva koko, umqolo omnye ngexesha, iintlawulo zihanjiswa kwirejista yokufunda. Ikholamu enye ngexesha, iintlawulo ezikwirejista yokufunda ziyafundwa.
1. Ukucinywa kwentlawulo: Ukuqala ukufunyanwa, intlawulo iyacinywa ngaxeshanye kuyo yonke inzwa (i-global shutter).
2. Ukuqokelelwa kwentlawulo: Intlawulo iqokelelana ngexesha lokuba sesichengeni.
3. Ugcino lwentlawulo: Ekupheleni kokuvezwa, imirhumo eqokelelweyo ifuduselwa kwindawo egqunyiweyo ngaphakathi kwepixel nganye (ebizwa ngokuba yiCCD ye-interline), apho banokulinda ukufunda ngaphandle kokubalwa kweefotoni ezintsha.
4. Ukuvezwa kwesakhelo esilandelayo: Ngemirhumo echongiweyo egcinwe kwindawo efihliweyo yeepikseli, indawo esebenzayo yeepikseli inokuqalisa ukuvezwa kwesakhelo esilandelayo (imowudi yokugqithelana).
5. Ufundo olulandelelanayo: Umqolo omnye ngexesha, iintlawulo kumqolo ngamnye wesakhelo esigqityiweyo zisiwa 'kwirejista yokufunda'.
6. UkuFunda kokugqibela: Ikholamu enye ngexesha, iintlawulo ezivela kwipixel nganye zivaliwe kwindawo yokufunda ukuze zifundwe kwi-ADC.
7. Uphindaphindo: Le nkqubo iphinda de kubalwe iintlawulo ezichongiweyo kuzo zonke iipixels.
Le ntsilelo ebangelwa zizo zonke iintlawulo ezichongiweyo ezifundwa ngamanani amancinci (ngamanye amaxesha enye) yamanqaku okufunda, kukhokelela kwimida enzima kwi-data throughput ye-CCD sensors xa kuthelekiswa neCMOS.
Ii-Pros and Cons of CCD Sensors
| IiPros | Ububi |
| Phantsi Kumnyama Ngoku Ngokwesiqhelo ~0.001 e⁻/p/s xa ipholile. | Isantya esilinganiselweyo Ugqithiso oluqhelekileyo ~ 20 MP/s — kade kakhulu kuneCMOS. |
| I-On-Pixel Binning Charges ishwankathelwa phambi kokuba ifundwe, inciphisa ingxolo. | Ingxolo ePhezulu yokuFunda 5–10 e⁻ ixhaphakile ngenxa yenqaku elinye le-ADC yokufunda. |
| Isivalo seGlobal Yinyani sehlabathi jikelele okanye esikufutshane nehlabathi kwi-CCD zonxibelelwano lwe-interline/isakhelo. | Ubungakanani bePixel abakhulu abukwazi ukuhambelana neminiaturization yeCMOS enikezelayo. |
| Ukufana koMfanekiso ophezulu Kugqwesileyo kumfanekiso wobungakanani. | UkuSetyenziswa koMbane oPhezulu Kudinga amandla angaphezulu okutshintsha intlawulo kunye nokufunda. |
IiPros zeCCD Sensor
● Ubumnyama obuphantsi okwangoku: Ngokwendalo njengobuchwepheshe, abenzi boluvo beCCD bakholisa ukuba nobumnyama obusezantsi kakhulu, ngokwesiqhelo ngokolandelelwano lwe-0.001 e-/p/s xa lupholile.
● 'On-pixel' Binning: Xa idibanisa, iiCCD zongeza iintlawulo phambi kokuba zifundwe, hayi emva, okuthetha ukuba akukho ngxolo yongezelelweyo yokufunda. Umsinga omnyama uyenyuka, kodwa njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, oku kuhlala kuphantsi kakhulu.
● I-Global Shutter: 'Interline' zeCCD zoluvo zisebenza ngesivalo sokwenyani sehlabathi. 'Ugqithiso lweSakhelo' zeCCD izibonisi zisebenzisa 'isiqingatha sehlabathi' isivalo (bona 'Masked' ummandla woMfanekiso 45) – inkqubo yogqithiselo lwesakhelo ukuqalisa nokuphelisa utyhileko ayiyonyani ngaxeshanye, kodwa ithatha ngokulandelelana kwe-microseconds eyi-1-10. Ezinye iiCCDs zisebenzisa i-shuttering yoomatshini.
Iingxaki ze-CCD Sensors
● Isantya esilinganiselweyo: Umthamo wedatha oqhelekileyo kwiipikseli ngesekhondi unokuba malunga ne-20 Megapixels ngesekhondi (MP / s), elilingana nomfanekiso we-4 MP kwi-5 fps. Oku kujikeleze i-20x ecothayo kune-CMOS efanayo, kwaye ubuncinci i-100x iyacotha kune-CMOS enesantya esiphezulu.
● Ingxolo yokuFunda Ephakamileyo: Funda ingxolo kwiiCCDs iphezulu, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yesidingo sokusebenzisa i-ADC (ii) kwizinga eliphezulu ukuphumeza isantya sekhamera esisebenzisekayo. I-5 ukuya kwi-10 i-e-iqhelekile kwiikhamera zeCCD eziphezulu.
● IiPixels ezinkulu: Kwizicelo ezininzi, iipikseli ezincinci zibonelela ngeenzuzo. Uyilo lweCMOS oluqhelekileyo luvumela ubuncinci bobungakanani bepixel obuncinci kuneCCD.
● Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu: Iimfuno zamandla okuqhuba abenzi boluvo beCCD ziphezulu kakhulu kuneCMOS.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-CCD Sensors kuMfanekiso weNzululwazi
Nangona itekhnoloji yeCMOS ifumene ukuthandwa, abenzi boluvo beCCD zisakhethwa kwizicelo ezithile zezenzululwazi zokucinga apho umgangatho womfanekiso, ubuntununtunu, kunye nokungaguquguquki kubaluleke kakhulu. Amandla abo aphezulu okubamba imiqondiso yokukhanya okuphantsi kunye nengxolo encinci ibenza bafaneleke kwizicelo ezichanekileyo.
Inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi
Abenzi boluvo beCCD babaluleke kakhulu kumfanekiso weenkwenkwezi ngenxa yokukwazi ukubamba ukukhanya okufiphele kwiinkwenkwezi ezikude kunye neminyele. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo zombini ii-observatory kunye ne-astronomy ye-amateur ephambili kwi-astrophotography yexesha elide, ukuhambisa imifanekiso ecacileyo, eneenkcukacha.
I-Microscopy kunye neSayensi yoBomi
Kwiinzululwazi zobomi, i-CCD sensors zisetyenziselwa ukubamba iimpawu ezibuthathaka ze-fluorescence okanye izakhiwo ezifihlakeleyo zeselula. Ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokufana kwabo kubenza bafezekiseke kwizicelo ezinje nge-fluorescence microscopy, umfanekiso weseli ephilayo, kunye ne-digital pathology. Impendulo yabo yokukhanya yomgca iqinisekisa uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lobungakanani.
Ukuhlolwa kweSemiconductor
Abenzi boluvo beCCD babalulekile kwimveliso yesemiconductor, ngakumbi xa kujongwa wafer. Isisombululo sabo esiphezulu kunye nomgangatho wokucinga ohambelanayo kubalulekile ekuchongeni iziphene ezincinci kwiichips, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okufunekayo kwimveliso ye-semiconductor.
I-X-reyi kunye neSayensi yeNzululwazi
Abenzi boluvo beCCD bakwasetyenziswa kwiisistim zokubona iX-reyi kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zomfanekiso. Ukukwazi kwabo ukugcina imilinganiselo ephezulu yesignali ukuya kwingxolo, ngakumbi xa ipholile, ibalulekile kwimifanekiso ecacileyo kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana necrystallography, uhlalutyo lwezixhobo kunye novavanyo olungonakalisi.
Ngaba iiSensors zeCCD zisasebenza namhlanje?
Tucsen H-694 & 674 CCD Ikhamera
Nangona uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwethekhnoloji yeCMOS, i-CCD sensors zide ziphelelwe lixesha. Bahlala belukhetho olukhethiweyo kukukhanya okuphantsi kakhulu kunye nemisebenzi yokucinga echanekileyo, apho umgangatho wabo womfanekiso ongahambelaniyo kunye neempawu zengxolo zibalulekile. Kwimimandla efana ne-astronomy enzulu okanye i-fluorescence microscopy, iikhamera zeCCD zihlala zigqwesa ezinye iindlela zeCMOS.
Ukuqonda amandla kunye nobuthathaka be-CCD sensors kunceda abaphandi kunye neenjineli bakhethe iteknoloji efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo ezithile, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo zabo zesayensi okanye zoshishino.
Ii-FAQs
Ndingasikhetha nini isivamvo seCCD?
Abenzi boluvo beCCD banqabile namhlanje kuneminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, njengoko itekhnoloji yeCMOS iqala ukungena nakwintsebenzo yabo yangoku emnyama. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuhlala kukho izicelo apho ukudibanisa kwazo iimpawu zokusebenza-ezifana nomgangatho ophezulu womfanekiso, ingxolo ephantsi, kunye novakalelo oluphezulu-lunikeza inzuzo.
Kutheni iikhamera zenzululwazi zisebenzisa izinzwa zeCCD ezipholileyo?
Ukupholisa kunciphisa ingxolo ye-thermal ngexesha lokubanjwa komfanekiso, ukuphucula ukucaca komfanekiso kunye novakalelo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhanyeni okuphantsi kunye nokuvezwa kwexesha elide kumfanekiso wesayensi, yiyo loo nto abaninzi abaphezuluiikhamera zenzululwazithembela kwiiCCD ezipholileyo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezicocekileyo nezichanekileyo.
Yintoni imowudi yokugqithelana kwi-CCD kunye ne-EMCCD sensors, kwaye iphucula njani ukusebenza kwekhamera?
I-CCD kunye ne-EMCCD abenzi boluvo bakholisa ukuba 'nemowudi yokugqithelana'. Kwiikhamera zeshutha zehlabathi, oku kubhekisa ekukwazini ukufunda isakhelo sangaphambili ngexesha lokuvezwa kwesakhelo esilandelayo. Oku kukhokelela kumjikelo womsebenzi ophezulu (kufuphi ne-100%), oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha elincinci liyachithwa lingavezi iifreyimu ekukhanyeni, kungoko amazinga aphezulu efreyim.
Qaphela: Imo edityanisiweyo inentsingiselo eyahlukileyo yokuqengqeleka koluvo lwesivalo.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nee-rolling shutters, nceda ucofe:
Isebenza njani iMowudi yoLawulo lweShutter kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa
Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. Onke amalungelo agciniwe. Xa ucaphula, nceda wazise umthombo:www.tucsen.com
