23/10/10Jinkirin lokaci & haɗin kai (TDI) hanya ce ta ɗaukar hoto da aka gina akan ka'idar binciken layi, inda ake ɗaukar jerin hotuna masu girma dabam don samar da hoto ta hanyar daidaita motsin samfurin da ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar jawowa. Ko da yake wannan fasaha ta kasance a cikin shekaru da yawa, ana danganta ta da ƙananan aikace-aikace, kamar binciken yanar gizo.
Sabbin kyamarori sun haɗu da azancin sCMOS tare da saurin TDI don ba da ɗaukar hoto daidai da inganci zuwa sikanin yanki amma tare da yuwuwar yin odar girma cikin sauri. Wannan yana bayyana musamman a cikin yanayi inda ake buƙatar hotunan manyan samfurori a cikin ƙananan haske. A cikin wannan bayanin fasaha, muna zayyana yadda binciken TDI ke aiki, kuma muna kwatanta lokacin ɗaukar hoto zuwa babban dabarar sikanin yanki mai kwatankwacinsa, tile & stitch Hoton.
Daga binciken layi zuwa TDI
Hoton hoton layi shine fasaha na hoto wanda ke amfani da layi ɗaya na pixels (wanda ake nufi da shafi, ko mataki) don ɗaukar yanki na hoto yayin da samfurin ke motsi. Yin amfani da hanyoyin kunna wutar lantarki, ana ɗaukar 'yanki' guda ɗaya na hoto yayin da samfurin ya wuce firikwensin. Ta hanyar zazzage ƙimar faɗakarwar kamara don ɗaukar hoto mataki-mataki tare da samfurin motsi da yin amfani da firam ɗin grabber don ɗaukar waɗannan hotuna, ana iya ɗinke su tare don sake gina hoton.
Hoton TDI yana ginawa akan wannan ƙa'idar ɗaukar hoto na samfurin, duk da haka, yana amfani da matakai da yawa don ƙara yawan adadin photoelectrons da aka kama. Yayin da samfurin ke wucewa kowane mataki, ana tattara ƙarin bayani kuma ana ƙarawa zuwa na'urorin lantarki na zamani waɗanda aka kama ta matakan farko kuma a juye su a cikin tsari iri ɗaya zuwa na'urorin CCD. Yayin da samfurin ya wuce mataki na ƙarshe, ana aika da photoelectrons da aka tattara zuwa wurin karantawa, kuma ana amfani da siginar da aka haɗa a cikin kewayon don samar da yanki na hoto. A cikin hoto na 1, an nuna hoton ɗaukar hoto akan na'ura mai ginshiƙan TDI guda biyar (matakai).
Hoto 1: misali mai rai na ɗaukar hoto ta amfani da fasahar TDI. An wuce samfurin (blue T) akan na'urar ɗaukar hoto na TDI (ginshiƙi na 5 pixels, 5 matakan TDI), kuma ana kama photoelectrons a kowane mataki kuma an ƙara zuwa matakin sigina. Karatu yana canza wannan zuwa hoto na dijital.
1a: Hoton (T blue T) an gabatar da shi zuwa mataki; T yana motsi kamar yadda aka nuna akan na'urar.
1b: Yayin da T ya wuce mataki na farko, kyamarar TDI ta haifar da karɓar photoelectrons wanda pixels suka kama yayin da suka buga mataki na farko akan firikwensin TDI. Kowane ginshiƙi yana da jerin pixels waɗanda ke ɗaukar photoelectrons daban-daban.
1c: Wadannan photoelectrons da aka kama suna jujjuya su zuwa mataki na biyu, inda kowane shafi yana tura matakin siginar sa zuwa mataki na gaba.
1d: A cikin lokaci tare da motsi na samfurin nisa-pixel daya, ana ɗaukar saiti na biyu na photoelectrons akan mataki na biyu, kuma an ƙara zuwa waɗanda aka kama a baya, suna ƙara siginar. A mataki na 1, an kama sabon saitin na'urorin daukar hoto, daidai da yanki na gaba na ɗaukar hoto.
1e: Hanyoyin ɗaukar hoto da aka kwatanta a mataki na 1d ana maimaita su yayin da hoton ya wuce firikwensin. Wannan yana gina sigina daga photoelectrons daga matakai. Ana shigar da siginar zuwa abin karantawa, wanda ke canza siginar photoelectron zuwa abin karantawa na dijital.
1f: Ana nuna karatun dijital azaman ginshiƙin hoto ta shafi. Wannan yana ba da damar sake gina hoto na dijital.
Kamar yadda na'urar TDI ke da ikon wucewa lokaci guda photoelectrons daga mataki ɗaya zuwa na gaba, da kuma ɗaukar sabbin photoelectrons daga mataki na farko yayin da samfurin ke motsi, hoton zai iya zama mara iyaka a cikin adadin layuka da aka kama. Matsakaicin faɗakarwa, wanda ke ƙayyade adadin lokutan ɗaukar hoto (fig 1a) yana faruwa, na iya kasancewa akan tsari na ɗaruruwan kHz.
A cikin misali na Hoto 2, an ɗauki faifan microscope 29 x 17 mm a cikin daƙiƙa 10.1 ta amfani da kyamarar TDI pixel 5 µm. Ko da a mahimmin matakan zuƙowa, matakin blur yana da kaɗan. Wannan yana wakiltar babban ci gaba ga al'ummomin da suka gabata na wannan fasaha.
Don ƙarin daki-daki, Tebu 1 yana nuna lokacin ɗaukar hoto na wakilci don jerin nau'ikan samfuran gama gari a 10, 20, da 40 x zuƙowa.
Hoto 2: Hoton samfurin kyalli da aka kama ta amfani da Tucsen 9kTDI. Bayyanawa 10 ms, lokacin kamawa 10.1 s.
Tebur 1: Matrix na kama da bambancin samfurin samfurin (seconds) ta amfani da kyamarar Tucsen 9KTDDI akan jerin jours na Zaber.
Hoton yanki
Hoton hoto na yanki a cikin kyamarori na sCMOS ya ƙunshi ɗaukar hoto gaba ɗaya a lokaci guda ta amfani da tsararrun pixels masu girma biyu. Kowane pixel yana ɗaukar haske, yana jujjuya shi zuwa siginar lantarki don aiki da sauri da kuma samar da cikakken hoto tare da babban ƙuduri da sauri. Girman hoton da za a iya ɗauka a cikin fallasa guda ɗaya ana sarrafa shi ta girman pixels, haɓakawa, da adadin pixels a cikin tsararru, kowane ((1)
Don daidaitaccen tsararru, filin kallo yana bayar da ((2)
A cikin al'amuran da samfurin ya yi girma da yawa don filin kallon kyamara, ana iya gina hoto ta hanyar raba hoton zuwa grid na hotuna na girman filin kallo. Ɗaukar waɗannan hotuna yana biye da tsari, inda mataki zai matsa zuwa matsayi a kan grid, mataki zai daidaita, sa'an nan kuma hoton zai kama. A cikin kyamarorin rufewa, akwai ƙarin lokacin jira yayin da shutter ke juyawa. Ana iya ɗaukar waɗannan hotuna ta hanyar motsa matsayin kamara da haɗa su tare. Hoto na 3 yana nuna babban hoton tantanin halitta na ɗan adam da ke ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun haske da aka yi ta hanyar ɗinke ƙananan hotuna 16 tare.
Hoto na 3: Zamewar tantanin halitta da kyamarar yanki ta kama ta amfani da hoton tayal & dinki.
Gabaɗaya, warware mafi girma dalla-dalla zai buƙaci ƙarin hotuna da za a ƙirƙira da kuma ɗinke su ta wannan hanya. Ɗaya daga cikin mafita ga wannan shine yin aikibabban tsari na sikanin kyamara, wanda ke da manyan na'urori masu auna firikwensin tare da babban adadin pixel, tare da na'urori na musamman, yana ba da damar yin amfani da adadi mai yawa.
Kwatanta tsakanin TDI da binciken yanki (Tile & Stitch)
Don sikanin babban yanki na samfurori, duka Tile & Stitch da TDI na duban su sune hanyoyin da suka dace, duk da haka ta zaɓar hanya mafi kyau, yana yiwuwa a rage lokacin da ake buƙata don bincika samfurin sosai. Wannan ceton lokaci yana samuwa ta hanyar iyawar TDI don ɗaukar samfurin motsi; kawar da jinkirin da ke da alaƙa da daidaitawar mataki da jujjuyawar lokacin rufewa mai alaƙa da tile & stitch imaging.
Hoto na 4 yana kwatanta tasha (kore) da motsi (layi baƙi) da ake buƙata don ɗaukar hoton tantanin halitta a duka tayal & stitch (hagu), da TDI (dama) dubawa. Ta hanyar cire buƙatar dakatarwa da sake daidaita hoton a cikin hoton TDI, yana yiwuwa a rage lokacin daukar lokaci mai mahimmanci, samar da lokacin bayyanar yana da ƙananan <100 ms.
Tebur 2 yana nuna misalin aiki na dubawa tsakanin TDI 9k da daidaitaccen kyamarar sCMOS.
Hoto na 4: Motsin bincike na kama ƙwayar ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin haske mai nuna tayal da dinki (hagu) da hoton TDI (dama).
Tebura 2: Kwatanta siginar yanki da hoton TDI don samfurin 15 x 15 mm tare da ruwan tabarau na haƙiƙa na 10x da lokacin bayyanar 10 ms.
Duk da yake TDI yana ba da yuwuwar yuwuwar haɓaka saurin ɗaukar hoto, akwai nuances ga amfani da wannan fasaha. Don lokuta masu girma (> 100 ms), mahimmancin lokacin da aka rasa zuwa motsi da daidaita sassan binciken yanki yana raguwa dangane da lokacin fallasa. A irin waɗannan lokuta, kyamarori na sikanin yanki na iya bayar da raguwar lokutan dubawa idan aka kwatanta da hoton TDI. Don ganin ko fasahar TDI zata iya ba ku fa'idodi akan saitin ku na yanzu,tuntube mudon kwatanta kalkuleta.
Sauran aikace-aikace
Tambayoyin bincike da yawa suna buƙatar ƙarin bayani fiye da hoto ɗaya, kamar multichannel ko sayan hoto mai yawa.
Hoton tashoshi da yawa a cikin kyamarar sikanin yanki ya ƙunshi ɗaukar hotuna ta amfani da tsayin raƙuman ruwa da yawa a lokaci guda. Waɗannan tashoshi yawanci sun dace da tsayin haske daban-daban, kamar ja, kore, da shuɗi. Kowane tashoshi yana ɗaukar takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa ko bayanan gani daga wurin. Sannan kyamarar ta haɗu da waɗannan tashoshi don samar da cikakken launi ko hoto mai ban mamaki, yana ba da ƙarin cikakkiyar ra'ayi na wurin tare da cikakkun bayanai na ban mamaki. A cikin kyamarorin sikanin yanki, ana samun wannan ta hanyar bayyanuwa masu hankali, duk da haka, tare da hoton TDI, ana iya amfani da mai rarraba don raba firikwensin zuwa sassa da yawa. Rarraba 9kTDI (45 mm) cikin firikwensin 3 x 15.0 mm har yanzu zai fi girma fiye da daidaitaccen firikwensin (6.5 µm pixel nisa, 2048 pixels) nisa na 13.3 mm. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda TDI kawai ke buƙatar haske a ɓangaren samfurin da ake yin hoto, ana iya yin sikanin da sauri da sauri.
Wani wurin da hakan ke iya kasancewa shine a cikin hoto mai mayar da hankali sosai. Hoto da yawa a cikin kyamarori masu duba yanki sun haɗa da ɗaukar hotuna da yawa a nesa mai nisa daban-daban da haɗa su don ƙirƙirar hoto mai haɗaka tare da gabaɗayan yanayin cikin mai da hankali sosai. Yana magance bambance-bambancen nisa a cikin fage ta hanyar nazari da haɗa yankuna masu mahimmanci daga kowane hoto, yana haifar da ƙarin cikakken wakilcin hoto. Har ila yau, ta hanyar amfani da amai rabadon raba firikwensin TDI zuwa guda biyu (22.5 mm), ko guda uku (15.0 mm), yana iya yiwuwa a sami hoton multifocus da sauri fiye da daidai wurin binciken yanki. Don mafi girman tsari multifocus (jibin z na 6 ko mafi girma) duk da haka, binciken yanki zai iya kasancewa mafi saurin ɗaukar hoto.
Ƙarshe
Wannan bayanin kula na fasaha yana zayyana bambance-bambance tsakanin binciken yanki da fasahar TDI don binciken babban yanki. Ta hanyar haɗa sikanin layi da ƙwarewar sCMOS, TDI tana samun nasara cikin sauri, hoto mai inganci ba tare da katsewa ba, ƙetare hanyoyin binciken yanki na gargajiya kamar tayal & dinki. Yi la'akari da fa'idodin amfani da kalkuleta na kan layi, la'akari da zato daban-daban da aka zayyana a cikin wannan takarda. TDI yana tsaye azaman kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don ingantaccen hoto tare da babban yuwuwar rage lokutan hoto a duka daidaitattun dabarun hoto da ci gaba.Idan kuna son ganin ko kyamarar TDI ko kyamarar sikanin yanki na iya dacewa da aikace-aikacen ku kuma inganta lokacin kama ku, tuntuɓe mu a yau.
