23/10/10Kuchedwa kwa nthawi & kuphatikiza (TDI) ndi njira yojambulira zithunzi yomwe imamangidwa pa mfundo ya kusanthula mzere, pomwe zithunzi zingapo za mbali imodzi zimajambulidwa kuti zipange chithunzi potengera nthawi yachitsanzo ndikujambula kagawo kazithunzi poyambitsa. Ngakhale luso limeneli lakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri, nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito zochepa, monga kuyang'ana pa intaneti.
Makamera am'badwo watsopano aphatikiza kukhudzika kwa sCMOS ndi liwiro la TDI kuti apereke kujambula kwamtundu wofanana ndi kusanthula kwadera koma ndi kuthekera kwa kuyitanitsa kukula mwachangu. Izi zikuwonekera makamaka pazochitika zomwe kujambula kwa zitsanzo zazikulu m'mikhalidwe yotsika kwambiri kumafunika. Muzolemba zaukadaulo izi, tikuwonetsa momwe kusanthula kwa TDI kumagwirira ntchito, ndikufanizira nthawi yojambulira zithunzi ndi njira yofananira yojambulira m'dera lalikulu, kujambula matailosi & kusokera.
Kuchokera pakupanga sikani mpaka ku TDI
Kujambula kwa mzere ndi njira yojambulira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mzere umodzi wa ma pixel (otchedwa gawo, kapena siteji) kuti atenge chidutswa cha chithunzi pamene chitsanzo chikuyenda. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi, 'chidutswa' chimodzi cha chithunzi chimatengedwa pamene chitsanzo chikudutsa sensa. Powonjezera kuchuluka kwa choyambitsa kamera kuti mujambule chithunzicho motsatana ndi kusuntha kwachitsanzo ndikugwiritsa ntchito chojambulira chazithunzi kuti mujambule zithunzizi, zitha kusonkhanitsidwa pamodzi kuti mupangenso chithunzicho.
Kujambula kwa TDI kumamanga pa mfundo iyi yojambula zithunzi zachitsanzo, komabe, amagwiritsa ntchito magawo angapo kuti awonjezere chiwerengero cha ma photoelectrons ogwidwa. Pamene chitsanzo chikudutsa gawo lirilonse, zambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonjezeredwa ku ma photoelectrons omwe alipo omwe atengedwa ndi magawo oyambirira ndikusakanikirana mofanana ndi zida za CCD. Pamene chitsanzo chikudutsa gawo lomaliza, ma photoelectrons osonkhanitsidwa amatumizidwa ku kuwerenga, ndipo chizindikiro chophatikizika pamtundu uliwonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga kagawo kakang'ono. Pa chithunzi 1, kujambula zithunzi pa chipangizo chokhala ndi magawo asanu a TDI (magawo) akuwonetsedwa.
Chithunzi 1: chitsanzo chojambula chojambula zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa TDI. Chitsanzo (buluu T) chimadutsa pa chipangizo chojambulira zithunzi za TDI (mzere wa ma pixel 5, magawo 5 a TDI), ndipo ma photoelectron amatengedwa mugawo lililonse ndikuwonjezedwa pamlingo wa chizindikiro. Kuwerenga kumasintha ichi kukhala chithunzi cha digito.
1a: Chithunzi (T blue) chimayambitsidwa pa siteji; T ikuyenda monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa chipangizocho.
1b: Pamene T ikudutsa gawo loyamba, kamera ya TDI imayambitsidwa kuvomereza ma photoelectrons omwe amatengedwa ndi ma pixel pamene akugunda gawo loyamba pa sensa ya TDI. Chigawo chilichonse chimakhala ndi ma pixel angapo omwe amajambula ma photoelectron payekha.
1c: Ma photoelectrons ojambulidwawa amasonkhanitsidwa kupita ku gawo lachiwiri, pomwe gawo lililonse limakankhira mulingo wake wazizindikiro ku gawo lotsatira.
1d: Pakapita nthawi ndikuyenda kwa mtunda wa pixel imodzi, seti yachiwiri ya ma photoelectrons imatengedwa pa siteji yachiwiri, ndikuwonjezeredwa kwa omwe adagwidwa kale, ndikuwonjezera chizindikiro. Mugawo 1, ma photoelectrons atsopano amatengedwa, ofanana ndi kagawo kotsatira kajambula zithunzi.
1e: Njira zojambulira zithunzi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu siteji 1d zimabwerezedwa pamene chithunzi chikudutsa pa sensa. Izi zimapanga chizindikiro kuchokera ku ma photoelectrons kuchokera kumagawo. Chizindikirocho chimaperekedwa mu kuwerenga, komwe kumasintha chizindikiro cha photoelectron kukhala chowerengera cha digito.
1f: Kuwerengera kwa digito kumawonetsedwa ngati gawo lachithunzi ndi gawo. Izi zimalola kumangidwanso kwa digito kwa chithunzi.
Monga chipangizo cha TDI chimatha kudutsa nthawi imodzi ma photoelectrons kuchokera pagawo lina kupita ku lina, ndi kujambula ma photoelectrons atsopano kuchokera pagawo loyamba pamene chitsanzocho chikuyenda, chithunzicho chikhoza kukhala chopanda malire mu chiwerengero cha mizere yojambulidwa. Mitengo yoyambira, yomwe imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa nthawi yojambula zithunzi (mkuyu 1a) imapezeka, imatha kukhala motsatana ndi mazana a kHz.
Muchitsanzo cha Chithunzi 2, slide ya 29 x 17 mm microscope idajambulidwa mumasekondi 10.1 pogwiritsa ntchito kamera ya 5 µm pixel TDI. Ngakhale pamlingo wokulirapo, kuchuluka kwa blur ndi kochepa. Izi zikuyimira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pamibadwo yam'mbuyomu yaukadaulo uwu.
Kuti mumve zambiri, Table 1 ikuwonetsa nthawi yofananira yamitundu ingapo yofananira pa 10, 20, ndi 40 x makulitsidwe.
Chithunzi 2: Chithunzi cha fulorosenti yojambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Tucsen 9kTDI. Kuwonetsa 10 ms, nthawi yojambula 10.1 s.
Tebulo 1: Matrix ojambulira nthawi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (masekondi) pogwiritsa ntchito kamera ya Tucsen 9kTDI pagawo lamoto la Zaber MVR pa 10, 20, ndi 40 x kwa 1 & 10 ms nthawi yowonekera.
Kujambula kwa malo
Kujambula kwa madera mumakamera a sCMOS kumaphatikizapo kujambula chithunzi chonse nthawi imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito ma pixel amitundu iwiri. Pixel iliyonse imagwira kuwala, ndikuyisintha kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi kuti ikonzedwe mwachangu ndikupanga chithunzi chathunthu chokhala ndi liwiro lalikulu komanso liwiro. Kukula kwa chithunzi chomwe chitha kujambulidwa mu chiwonetsero chimodzi chimayendetsedwa ndi kukula kwa pixel, kukulitsa, ndi kuchuluka kwa ma pixel pamndandanda, pa (1)
Kwa gulu lokhazikika, gawo lowonera limaperekedwa ndi (2)
Nthawi zina pamene chitsanzo ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuti chisawonekere pa kamera, chithunzi chikhoza kupangidwa pochilekanitsa chithunzicho mu gridi yazithunzi za kukula kwa gawo lowonera. Kujambula zithunzizi kumatsatira chitsanzo, kumene siteji idzasunthira kumalo pa gridi, siteji idzakhazikika, ndiyeno chithunzicho chidzagwira. Mu makamera a shutter, pali nthawi yowonjezera yodikirira pamene shutter ikuzungulira. Zithunzizi zitha kujambulidwa posuntha malo a kamera ndikuzilumikiza pamodzi. Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa chithunzi chachikulu cha selo la munthu pansi pa microscope ya fluorescence chopangidwa polumikiza pamodzi zithunzi 16 zazing'ono.
Chithunzi 3: Chithunzi cha cell ya munthu chikujambulidwa ndi kamera yojambulira malo pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa matailosi & kusokera.
Kawirikawiri, kuthetsa tsatanetsatane wowonjezereka kudzafuna zithunzi zambiri kuti zipangidwe ndi kusonkhanitsidwa pamodzi motere. Njira imodzi yothetsera izi ndikugwiritsa ntchitochachikulu mawonekedwe kamera sikani, yomwe ili ndi masensa akuluakulu okhala ndi ma pixel ochuluka, motsatira ndi ma optics apadera, zomwe zimalola kuti tsatanetsatane wambiri ajambulidwe.
Kuyerekeza pakati pa TDI ndi kusanthula kwadera (Tile & Stitch)
Poyang'ana madera akuluakulu a zitsanzo, zonse za Tile & Stitch ndi TDI scanning ndi zothetsera zoyenera, komabe posankha njira yabwino kwambiri, n'zotheka kuchepetsa nthawi yofunikira kuti mufufuze chitsanzo kwambiri. Kupulumutsa nthawiyi kumapangidwa ndi kuthekera kwa kusanthula kwa TDI kujambula sampuli yosuntha; kuchotsa kuchedwa komwe kumakhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa siteji ndi nthawi yotsekera yolumikizidwa ndi ma tile & stitch imaging.
Chithunzi cha 4 chikufanizira zoyima (zobiriwira) ndi mayendedwe (mizere yakuda) yofunika kujambula chithunzi cha selo yamunthu mu matailosi ndi stitch (kumanzere), ndi kusanthula kwa TDI (kumanja). Pochotsa kufunikira koyimitsa ndikusintha chithunzicho mu kujambula kwa TDI, ndizotheka kuchepetsa nthawi yojambula kwambiri, kupereka nthawi yowonetsera ndi yochepa <100 ms.
Table 2 ikuwonetsa chitsanzo chogwira ntchito cha kusanthula pakati pa 9k TDI ndi kamera yokhazikika ya sCMOS.
Chithunzi 4: Chojambula chojambula chojambula selo la munthu pansi pa fulorosisi yosonyeza matailosi ndi stitch (kumanzere) ndi kujambula kwa TDI (kumanja).
Table 2: Kuyerekeza kwa scanner ya m'dera ndi kujambula kwa TDI kwa chitsanzo cha 15 x 15 mm ndi lens ya 10x ndi nthawi ya 10 ms.
Ngakhale kuti TDI imapereka mwayi wochuluka wowonjezera kuthamanga kwa kujambula zithunzi, pali zosiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu. Pa nthawi yowonekera kwambiri (> 100 ms), kufunikira kwa nthawi yomwe yatayika pakusuntha ndi kukhazikika kwa chigawochi kumachepetsedwa malinga ndi nthawi yowonekera. Zikatero, makamera ojambulira m'dera amatha kupereka nthawi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi kujambula kwa TDI. Kuti muwone ngati ukadaulo wa TDI ungakupatseni zopindulitsa pazomwe mwakhazikitsa,Lumikizanani nafekwa calculator yofananiza.
Mapulogalamu ena
Mafunso ambiri ofufuza amafuna zambiri kuposa chithunzi chimodzi, monga multichannel kapena multifocus kupeza zithunzi.
Kujambula kwa ma multichannel mu kamera yojambulira dera kumaphatikizapo kujambula zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde angapo nthawi imodzi. Makanemawa nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana a kuwala, monga ofiira, obiriwira, ndi abuluu. Kanema aliyense amajambula zazidziwitso za kutalika kwake kapena zowoneka bwino kuchokera pamalowo. Kamerayo imaphatikizanso ma tchanelowa kuti apange chithunzi chamitundu yonse kapena chamitundumitundu, ndikuwonetsetsa bwino za chochitikacho ndi tsatanetsatane wowoneka bwino. M'makamera ojambulira m'dera, izi zimatheka ndi zowonetseratu, komabe, ndi kujambula kwa TDI, chogawa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa sensa mu magawo angapo. Kugawa 9kTDI (45 mm) mu masensa 3 x 15.0 mm kudzakhalabe kokulirapo kuposa sensor yokhazikika (6.5 µm pixel wide, 2048 pixels) m'lifupi mwake 13.3 mm. Komanso, monga TDI imangofunika kuunikira kumbali ya chitsanzo chomwe chikujambulidwa, zojambulazo zimatha kuzungulira mwachangu.
Mbali ina yomwe izi zitha kukhala choncho ndikujambula kwamitundu yambiri. Kujambula kwa Multifocus pamakamera ojambulira madera kumaphatikizapo kujambula zithunzi zingapo pamtunda wosiyana ndikuzisakaniza kuti zipange chithunzi chophatikizika ndi mawonekedwe onse molunjika. Imayankhira mtunda wosiyanasiyana poyang'ana ndi kuphatikiza zigawo zomwe zili mkati mwa chithunzi chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithunzicho chiwonetsedwe mwatsatanetsatane. Apanso, pogwiritsa ntchito achopatulakugawa kachipangizo ka TDI kukhala zidutswa ziwiri (22.5 mm), kapena zidutswa zitatu (15.0 mm), zitha kukhala zotheka kupeza chithunzi cha multifocus mwachangu kuposa chofanana ndi scan. Kwa multifocus yapamwamba (z stacks of 6 kapena kuposa) komabe, kusanthula kwadera ndikoyenera kukhala njira yofulumira kwambiri yojambula.
Mapeto
Cholemba ichi chaukadaulo chikuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa sikani ya m'dera ndi ukadaulo wa TDI pakusanthula kwamadera akulu. Pophatikiza kusanthula kwa mizere ndi kukhudzika kwa sCMOS, TDI imakwaniritsa kuyerekeza kwachangu, kwapamwamba kwambiri popanda zosokoneza, kupitilira njira zojambulira zachikhalidwe monga matailosi & stitch. Unikani ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito chowerengera chathu pa intaneti, poganizira malingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe afotokozedwa m'chikalatachi. TDI imayima ngati chida champhamvu chojambula bwino chomwe chili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kochepetsera nthawi yojambula munjira zofananira komanso zapamwamba.Ngati mungafune kuwona ngati kamera ya TDI kapena kamera yojambulira dera ingagwirizane ndi pulogalamu yanu ndikuwongolera nthawi yanu yojambula, lemberani lero.
