23/10/10Ukulibaziseka kwexesha kunye nokudibanisa (TDI) yindlela yokuthatha umfanekiso owakhiwe kumgaqo wokuskena umgca, apho uchungechunge lwemifanekiso ene-dimensional lubanjwe ukuvelisa umfanekiso ngokubeka ixesha lentshukumo yesampuli kunye nomfanekiso wesilayi sokubanjwa ngokuvuselela. Nangona le teknoloji ikhona amashumi eminyaka, iye yadibaniswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nezicelo eziphantsi kovakalelo, ezifana nokuhlolwa kwewebhu.
Isizukulwana esitsha seekhamera sidibanise ubuntununtunu be-sCMOS kunye nesantya se-TDI ukubonelela ngokuthathwa komfanekiso womgangatho olinganayo ukuya kwindawo yokuskena kodwa kunye nokubanakho kwee-odolo zobukhulu obukhawulezayo. Oku kubonakala ngokukodwa kwiimeko apho ukuboniswa kweesampuli ezinkulu kwiimeko eziphantsi zokukhanya kuyadingeka. Kweli nqaku lobugcisa, sichaza indlela esebenza ngayo ukuskena kwe-TDI, kwaye sithelekise ixesha lokubanjwa komfanekiso kwindlela enkulu yokuskena yendawo enkulu, iithayile kunye nokuthunga umfanekiso.
Ukusuka kumgca wokuskena ukuya kwi-TDI
I-imaging ye-line scan bubuchule bokwenza umfanekiso osebenzisa umgca omnye weepikseli (ekubhekiswa kuwo njengoluhlu, okanye iqonga) ukuthatha isilayi somfanekiso ngelixa isampulu isashukuma. Kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuqalisa umbane, 'isiqwenga' esinye somfanekiso sithathwa njengoko isampulu idlula isivamvo. Ngokukala ireyithi yokuqalisa ikhamera ukubamba umfanekiso kwinyathelo kunye nentshukumo yesampulu kunye nokusebenzisa isakhelo sokubamba le mifanekiso, inokudityaniswa ukuze iphinde iwumise umfanekiso.
I-imaging ye-TDI yakhela kulo mgaqo wokubamba umfanekiso wesampulu, nangona kunjalo, isebenzisa izigaba ezininzi ukwandisa inani leefotoelectrons ezithathiweyo. Njengoko isampuli idlula kwinqanaba ngalinye, ulwazi oluninzi luqokelelwa kwaye lufakwe kwiifotoelectron ezikhoyo ezithathwe ngamanyathelo angaphambili kwaye zixutywe kwinkqubo efanayo kwi-CCD. Njengoko isampuli idlula kwinqanaba lokugqibela, ii-photoelectrons eziqokelelweyo zithunyelwa kwi-readout, kwaye isignali edibeneyo kuluhlu lusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa isilayi somfanekiso. KuMzobo 1, umfanekiso wokufota kwisixhobo esineekholamu ezintlanu zeTDI (izigaba) zibonisiwe.
Umzobo 1: umzekelo ophilayo wokuthatha umfanekiso usebenzisa iteknoloji ye-TDI. Isampulu (i-T eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) idluliselwe kwisixhobo sokuthatha umfanekiso we-TDI (uluhlu lweepikseli ezi-5, izigaba ze-TDI ezi-5), kunye nee-photoelectrons zifakwe kwinqanaba ngalinye kwaye zongezwa kwinqanaba lesignali. Ukufundwa kuguqula oku kumfanekiso wedijithali.
I-1a: Umfanekiso (i-T eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) waziswa kwinqanaba; i-T iyashukuma njengoko ibonisiwe kwisixhobo.
I-1b: Njengoko i-T idlula inqanaba lokuqala, ikhamera ye-TDI ishukunyiswa ukuba yamkele i-photoelectrons ebanjwe ngamaphikseli njengoko ibetha inqanaba lokuqala kwi-sensor ye-TDI. Ikholamu nganye inothotho lweepikseli ezithatha ii-photoelectrons ngabanye.
I-1c: Ezi photoelectrons zifakiwe zixutywa ukuya kwinqanaba lesibini, apho ikholamu nganye ityhala inqanaba layo lomqondiso ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
I-1d: Ekuhambeni kwexesha kunye nokuhamba kwesampuli yomgama we-pixel enye, isethi yesibini yeefotoelectrons ibanjwe kwinqanaba lesibini, kwaye yongezwa kwizinto ezibanjwe ngaphambili, ukwandisa umqondiso. Kwinqanaba loku-1, iseti entsha yee-photoelectrons iyabanjwa, ehambelana nesilayi esilandelayo sokubanjwa komfanekiso.
I-1e: Iinkqubo zokubamba umfanekiso ezichazwe kwisigaba se-1d ziphinda ziphindwe njengoko umfanekiso udlula kwinzwa. Oku kwakha umqondiso ovela kwiifotoelectron ukusuka kwizigaba. Umqondiso ugqithiselwa kwi-readout, eguqula isignali ye-photoelectron ibe yi-digital readout.
1f: Ufundo lwedijithali luboniswa njengoluhlu lomfanekiso ngokwekholamu. Oku kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwedijithali komfanekiso.
Njengoko isixhobo se-TDI sinakho ukudlula ngaxeshanye ii-photoelectrons ukusuka kwelinye inqanaba ukuya kwelinye, kunye nokuthatha ii-photoelectrons ezintsha ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala ngelixa isampulu isashukuma, umfanekiso unokuba nempumelelo engenasiphelo kwinani lemiqolo ethathiweyo. Imilinganiselo yokuqalisa, emisela inani lamaxesha okuthathwa komfanekiso (ufig 1a) okwenzekayo, anokuba ngokomyalelo wamakhulu e-kHz.
Kumzekelo woMfanekiso 2, isilayidi se-29 x 17 mm semakroskopu sabanjwa ngemizuzwana eyi-10.1 kusetyenziswa i-5 µm pixel TDI camera. Nokuba kumanqanaba abalulekileyo okusondeza, inqanaba lokungacaci kakuhle lincinci. Oku kubonisa inkqubela phambili enkulu kwizizukulwana zangaphambili zobu buchwepheshe.
Ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, iTheyibhile yoku-1 ibonisa ixesha lokufanekisa elimele uthotho lweesayizi eziqhelekileyo zesampulu ku-10, 20, kunye no-40 x zoom.
Umfanekiso 2: Umfanekiso wesampulu yefluorescent ebanjwe kusetyenziswa iTucsen 9kTDI. I-Exposure 10 ms, ixesha lokubamba 10.1 s.
Itheyibhile 1: Imatriki yexesha lokubanjwa kweesampulu ezahlukeneyo (imizuzwana) kusetyenziswa ikhamera yeTucsen 9kTDI kwiZaber MVR series motorized stage at 10, 20, and 40 x for 1 & 10 ms exposure time.
Indawo yokujonga umfanekiso
Umfanekiso wokuskena indawo kwiikhamera ze-sCMOS ubandakanya ukufota umfanekiso uphela ngaxeshanye usebenzisa uluhlu olu-2-dimensional lweepikseli. Iphikseli nganye ibamba ukukhanya, iguqulelwe kwiimpawu zombane ukuze kuqhutywe ngokukhawuleza kwaye yenze umfanekiso opheleleyo kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu kunye nesantya. Ubungakanani bomfanekiso onokuthi ubanjwe kutyhileko olunye kulawulwa bubungakanani bepixel, ulwandiso, kunye nenani leepixels kuluhlu, ngokwe (1)
Kuluhlu olusemgangathweni, umhlaba wemboniselo unikwe ngu (2)
Kwiimeko apho isampuli inkulu kakhulu kwintsimi yokujonga ikhamera, umfanekiso unokwakhiwa ngokuhlula umfanekiso kwigridi yemifanekiso yobungakanani bendawo yokujonga. Ukubanjwa kwale mifanekiso kulandela iphethini, apho isiteji siya kuhamba kwindawo kwigridi, isigaba siya kuhlala, kwaye umfanekiso uya kubamba. Kwiikhamera ezivalayo, kukho ixesha elongezelelweyo lokulinda ngelixa isivalo sijikeleza. Le mifanekiso inokuthatyathwa ngokuhambisa indawo yekhamera kwaye uyithunge kunye. Umzobo 3 ubonisa umfanekiso omkhulu weseli yomntu phantsi kwe-fluorescence microscopy eyenziwe ngokuthunga kunye nemifanekiso emincinci eyi-16.
Umzobo 3: Isilayidi seseli yomntu ebanjwa yikhamera yendawo yokuskena kusetyenziswa iithayile kunye nomfanekiso wokuthunga.
Ngokubanzi, ukusombulula iinkcukacha ezinkulu kuya kufuna ukuba kuveliswe imifanekiso emininzi kwaye idityaniswe kunye ngale ndlela. Esinye isisombululo kule nto kukuqashwaifomathi enkulu yokuskena ikhamera, enezivamvo ezinkulu ezinobalo lwe-pixel ephezulu, kwi-tandem ene-optics ekhethekileyo, evumela inani elikhulu leenkcukacha ukuba libanjwe.
Uthelekiso phakathi kwe-TDI kunye nokuskena kwendawo (iThayile & umthungo)
Ukuskena indawo enkulu yeesampulu, zombini iTile & Stitch kunye ne-TDI ukuskena zizisombululo ezifanelekileyo, nangona kunjalo ngokukhetha eyona ndlela ilungileyo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukuskena isampula kakhulu. Eli xesha lokugcinwa kuveliswa ngokukwazi ukuskena kwe-TDI ukubamba isampuli ehambayo; ukususa ulibaziseko olunxulunyaniswa nokumiswa kweqonga kunye nexesha lokuvala isivalo esinento yokwenza nethayile kunye nomfanekiso wokuthunga.
Umzobo we-4 uthelekisa iindawo zokumisa (eziluhlaza) kunye nokunyakaza (imigca emnyama) efunekayo ukuze ubambe umfanekiso weseli yomntu kuzo zombini i-tile & stitch (ekhohlo), kunye ne-TDI (ekunene) ukuskena. Ngokususa isidingo sokumisa kunye nokulungelelanisa umfanekiso kwi-imaging ye-TDI, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ixesha lokucinga ngokubonakalayo, ukubonelela ixesha lokuvezwa liphantsi <100 ms.
Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa umzekelo osebenzayo wokuskena phakathi kwe-9k TDI kunye nekhamera ye-sCMOS eqhelekileyo.
Umzobo 4: I-motif yokuskena yokubanjwa kweseli yomntu phantsi kwe-fluorescence ebonisa i-tile kunye ne-stitch (ekhohlo) kunye ne-TDI imaging (ekunene).
Itheyibhile 2: Ukuthelekiswa kwendawo yokuskena kunye nemifanekiso ye-TDI yesampuli ye-15 x 15 mm kunye ne-lens yenjongo ye-10x kunye ne-10 ms ixesha lokubonisa.
Ngelixa i-TDI ibonelela ngesantya esimangalisayo sokwanda kwesantya sokubanjwa kwemifanekiso, kukho izinto eziphazamisayo ekusetyenzisweni kobu buchwepheshe. Kumaxesha aphezulu okuvezwa (>100 ms), ukubaluleka kwexesha elilahlekileyo ekushukumeni nasekulungiseni imiba yokuskena kwendawo kuyacuthwa xa kuthelekiswa nexesha lokuvezwa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iikhamera zokuskena indawo zinokubonelela ngamaxesha ancitshisiweyo wokuskena xa kuthelekiswa nemifanekiso ye-TDI. Ukubona ukuba itekhnoloji ye-TDI ingakunika izibonelelo kulungiselelo lwakho lwangoku,Qhagamshelana nathikwikhaltyhuleyitha yothelekiso.
Ezinye izicelo
Imibuzo emininzi yophando ifuna ulwazi olungaphezulu kunomfanekiso omnye, njengokufumana imifanekiso emininzi okanye i-multifocus.
Imifanekiso ye-Multichannel kwikhamera yokuskena yendawo ibandakanya ukufota imifanekiso usebenzisa i-wavelengths ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ezi tshaneli zihambelana ngokuqhelekileyo nobude obuhlukeneyo bokukhanya, obubomvu, obuluhlaza, kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isitishi ngasinye sithatha ubude obuthile okanye ulwazi olubonakalayo kwindawo. Ikhamera emva koko idibanisa ezi tshaneli ukuvelisa umfanekiso ogcwele umbala okanye i-multispectral, ukubonelela ngombono obanzi wendawo eneenkcukacha ezicacileyo. Kwiikhamera zokuskena kwendawo, oku kuphunyezwa ngokuvezwa okucacileyo, nangona kunjalo, nge-TDI imaging, i-splitter ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula inzwa kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukwahlula i-9kTDI (45 mm) kwi-3 x 15.0 mm abenzi boluvo basazakuba nkulu kune-standard sensor (6.5 µm pixel wide, 2048 pixels) ububanzi be-13.3 mm. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko i-TDI ifuna kuphela ukukhanya kwicala lesampulu ebonwayo, izikena zinokuqhutywa ngebhayisekile ngokukhawuleza.
Enye indawo apho oku kunokuba njalo kumfanekiso ogxininise kakhulu. I-Multifocus imaging kwiikhamera zokuskena kwendawo ibandakanya ukuthabatha imifanekiso emininzi kwimigama eyahlukeneyo yokugxila kwaye ixutywe ukwenza umfanekiso odibeneyo kunye nendawo yonke ekugxilwe kuyo. Ijongana nemigama eyahluka-hlukeneyo kwindawo ngokuhlalutya kunye nokudibanisa imimandla ekugxilwe kuyo kumfanekiso ngamnye, okukhokelela kumboniso oneenkcukacha ezingakumbi zomfanekiso. Kwakhona, ngokusebenzisa aisiqhekezaukwahlula inzwa ye-TDI ibe zimbini (22.5 mm), okanye ezintathu (15.0 mm) iziqwenga, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane umfanekiso we-multifocus ngokukhawuleza kunokulingana kwendawo yokuskena. Kulungiselelo oluphezulu lwe-multifocus (z izitaki zesi-6 okanye ngaphezulu) nangona kunjalo, indawo yokuskena inokuhlala ilolona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokucinga.
Izigqibo
Eli nqaku lobugcisa lichaza umahluko phakathi kokuskena kwendawo kunye neteknoloji ye-TDI yokuskena indawo enkulu. Ngokudibanisa ukuskena komgca kunye nobuntununtunu be-sCMOS, i-TDI ifezekisa ngokukhawuleza, umfanekiso okumgangatho ophezulu ngaphandle kweziphazamiso, ukodlula iindlela zesiqhelo zokuskena kwindawo efana nethayile & umthungo. Vavanya iingenelo zokusebenzisa ikhaltyhuleyitha yethu ekwi-intanethi, ucingela iingcamango ezahlukeneyo ezichazwe kolu xwebhu. I-TDI ime njengesixhobo esinamandla somfanekiso osebenzayo onamandla amakhulu okunciphisa amaxesha okucinga kuzo zombini iindlela ezisemgangathweni neziphucukileyo.Ukuba ungathanda ukubona ukuba ikhamera ye-TDI okanye ikhamera yendawo yokuskena inokuhambelana nesicelo sakho kwaye uphucule ixesha lakho lokufota, qhagamshelana nathi namhlanje.
