23/10/10Ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi nokuhlanganiswa (TDI) kuyindlela yokuthwebula isithombe eyakhelwe kumgomo wokuskena komugqa, lapho kuthwetshulwa khona uchungechunge lwezithombe ezinohlangothi olulodwa ukuze kukhiqizwe isithombe ngokubala isikhathi ukunyakaza kwesampula nokuthwebula ucezu lwesithombe ngokucupha. Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe bukhona amashumi eminyaka, buye bahlotshaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizwela kancane, njengokuhlola iwebhu.
Isizukulwane esisha samakhamera sihlanganise ukuzwela kwe-sCMOS nesivinini se-TDI ukuze sinikeze ukuthwebula kwesithombe kwekhwalithi elinganayo ukuze kuskenwe indawo kodwa okunamandla okukhipha ama-oda obukhulu obusheshayo. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ukuthwebula amasampula amakhulu ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi kuyadingeka. Kuleli nothi lobuchwepheshe, sichaza indlela ukuskena kwe-TDI okusebenza ngayo, futhi siqhathanise isikhathi sokuthwebula isithombe nendlela yokuskena yendawo enkulu, i-tile & stitch imaging.
Ukusuka ekuskeneni komugqa kuya ku-TDI
Ukuthwebula izithombe ngomugqa kuyindlela yokuthwebula esebenzisa umugqa owodwa wamaphikseli (okubhekiselwa kuwo njengekholomu, noma isigaba) ukuze kuthathwe ucezu lwesithombe ngenkathi isampula lisahamba. Kusetshenziswa izinto ezicupha ugesi, 'ucezu' olulodwa lwesithombe luthathwa njengoba isampula lidlula inzwa. Ngokukala isilinganiso se-trigger yekhamera ukuze sithwebule isithombe ngokuhambisana nokunyakaza kwesampula nokusebenzisa isithwebuli sozimele ukuze sithwebule lezi zithombe, zingahlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha isithombe.
I-TDI imaging yakhela phezu kwalo mgomo wokuthwebula isithombe sesampula, nokho, isebenzisa izigaba eziningi ukuze kwandiswe inani lama-photoelectrons athwetshuliwe. Njengoba isampula idlula isigaba ngasinye, ulwazi olwengeziwe luyaqoqwa futhi lwengezwe kuma-photoelectrons akhona athwetshulwe yizigaba zangaphambili futhi ashiyiwe ngenqubo efanayo kumadivayisi e-CCD. Njengoba isampuli idlula esigabeni sokugcina, ama-photoelectrons aqoqiwe athunyelwa ekufundweni, futhi isignali ehlanganisiwe kubo bonke ububanzi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ucezu lwesithombe. Emfanekisweni 1, ukuthwebula isithombe ocingweni olunamakholomu amahlanu e-TDI (izigaba) kuyaboniswa.
Umfanekiso 1: isibonelo esigqwayizayo sokuthwebula izithombe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-TDI. Isampula (i-T eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) idluliswa phezu kwedivayisi yokuthwebula isithombe se-TDI (ikholomu yamaphikseli angu-5, izigaba ze-TDI ezingu-5), futhi ama-photoelectron athathwa esigabeni ngasinye futhi angezwe kuleveli yesiginali. Ukufunda kuguqula lokhu kube yisithombe sedijithali.
I-1a: Isithombe (i-T eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) yethulwa esiteji; i-T iyanyakaza njengoba kukhonjisiwe ocingweni.
I-1b: Njengoba i-T idlula isigaba sokuqala, ikhamera ye-TDI iqala ukwamukela ama-photoelectrons athwetshulwa ngamaphikseli njengoba eshaya isigaba sokuqala kunzwa ye-TDI. Ikholomu ngayinye inochungechunge lwamaphikseli athwebula ama-photoelectron ngawodwana.
1c: Lawa ma-photoelectrons athunjiwe ashova aye esigabeni sesibili, lapho ikholomu ngayinye iphusha izinga layo lesiginali liye esigabeni esilandelayo.
I-1d: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuhamba kwesampula yebanga lephikiseli elilodwa, isethi yesibili yama-photoelectrons ashuthwa esiteji sesibili, futhi angezwe kulawa athwetshulwe ngaphambilini, okwandisa isignali. Esigabeni 1, kuthwetshulwa isethi entsha yama-photoelectrons, ahambisana nocezu olulandelayo lokuthwebula isithombe.
I-1e: Izinqubo zokuthwebula izithombe ezichazwe esigabeni 1d ziyaphindwa njengoba isithombe sidlula inzwa. Lokhu kwakha isignali evela kuma-photoelectrons kusukela ezigabeni. Isignali idluliselwa ku-readout, okuguqula isignali ye-photoelectron ibe ukufunda kwedijithali.
1f: Ukufundwa kwedijithali kukhonjiswa njengekholomu yesithombe ngekholomu. Lokhu kuvumela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwedijithali kwesithombe.
Njengoba idivayisi ye-TDI ikwazi ukudlulisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ama-photoelectrons ukusuka kwesinye isigaba kuya kwesinye, futhi ithwebule ama-photoelectron amasha kusukela esigabeni sokuqala ngenkathi isampula isanyakaza, isithombe singaba singapheli enanini lemigqa ethwebuliwe. Izilinganiso ze-trigger, ezinquma inani lezikhathi ukushuthwa kwesithombe (fig 1a) okwenzeka ngazo, zingalandelana kumakhulu we-kHz.
Esibonelweni soMfanekiso 2, isilayidi esingu-29 x 17 mm ngesibonakhulu sithwetshulwe kumasekhondi angu-10.1 kusetshenziswa ikhamera ye-TDI engu-5 µm pixel. Ngisho nakumazinga abalulekile wokusondeza, izinga lokufiphala lincane. Lokhu kumelela intuthuko enkulu ezizukulwaneni ezedlule zalobu buchwepheshe.
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, Ithebula 1 libonisa isikhathi sokumelela isithombe sochungechunge lwamasayizi amasampula avamile ku-10, 20, kanye nokusondeza okungu-40 x.
Umfanekiso 2: Isithombe sesampula se-fluorescent esithathwe kusetshenziswa i-Tucsen 9kTDI. Ukuchayeka 10 ms, isikhathi sokuthwebula 10.1 s.
Ithebula 1: I-Matrix yesikhathi sokuthwebula samasampula osayizi abahlukahlukene (amasekhondi) kusetshenziswa ikhamera ye-Tucsen 9kTDI ochungechungeni lwe-Zaber MVR yesiteji sezimoto ku-10, 20, kanye no-40 x isikhathi sokuchayeka esingu-1 & 10 ms.
Isithombe sendawo yokuskena
Isithombe sokuskena kwendawo kumakhamera e-sCMOS sibandakanya ukuthwebula isithombe sonke kanyekanye kusetshenziswa uchungechunge lwamaphikseli angu-2-dimensional. I-pixel ngayinye ithwebula ukukhanya, ikuguqulele kumasignali kagesi ukuze icutshungulwe ngokushesha futhi yakhe isithombe esiphelele ngokulungiswa okuphezulu nesivinini. Usayizi wesithombe esingathwetshulwa ekuvezweni okukodwa ulawulwa usayizi wephikseli, ukukhuliswa, kanye nenani lamaphikseli kulungu ngalinye, ngakunye (1)
Ohlelweni olujwayelekile, inkambu yokubuka inikezwa ngu (2)
Ezimweni lapho isampula inkulu kakhulu ukuthi ingafakwa endaweni yokubuka yekhamera, isithombe singakhiwa ngokuhlukanisa isithombe sibe yigridi yezithombe zosayizi wenkundla yokubuka. Ukuthwetshulwa kwalezi zithombe kulandela iphethini, lapho isiteji sizothuthela endaweni kugridi, isiteji sizozinza, bese isithombe sizothwebula. Kumakhamera ashuthayo, kunesikhathi sokulinda esengeziwe ngenkathi ishutha ijikeleza. Lezi zithombe zingathwetshulwa ngokunyakazisa indawo yekhamera nokuzihlanganisa. Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa isithombe esikhulu seseli yomuntu ngaphansi kwe-fluorescence microscopy esakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa ndawonye izithombe ezincane ezingu-16.
Umfanekiso 3: Isilayidi seseli lomuntu esithwetshulwa ikhamera yendawo kusetshenziswa uthayela & nokuthungwa kwesithombe.
Ngokuvamile, ukuxazulula imininingwane eminingi kuzodinga ukuthi izithombe eziningi zenziwe futhi zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngale ndlela. Isixazululo esisodwa salokhu ukuqashaukuskena kwekhamera yefomethi enkulu, enezinzwa ezinkulu ezinenani eliphezulu lamaphikseli, ngokuhambisana nama-optics akhethekile, okuvumela inani elikhulu lemininingwane ukuthi lithwetshulwe.
Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-TDI nokuskena kwendawo (Ithayela & Umthungo)
Ngokuskena indawo enkulu yamasampula, kokubili ukuskena kwe-Tile & Stitch kanye ne-TDI kuyizixazululo ezifanele, nokho ngokukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu, kungenzeka ukunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuthwetshulwe isampula ngokuphawulekayo. Lokhu kulondoloza isikhathi kukhiqizwa ikhono le-TDI lokuskena ukuze lithwebule isampula ehambayo; ukususa ukubambezeleka okuhlobene nokumiswa kwesiteji kanye nesikhathi se-shutter rolling ehlobene ne-tile & stitch imaging.
Umfanekiso 4 uqhathanisa izitobhi (okuluhlaza okotshani) nokunyakaza (imigqa emnyama) edingekayo ukuze kuthwebule isithombe seseli lomuntu kukho kokubili i-tile & stitch (kwesokunxele), kanye ne-TDI (kwesokudla) ukuskena. Ngokususa isidingo sokumisa nokuqondisa kabusha isithombe emfanekisweni we-TDI, kungenzeka ukwehlisa isikhathi sokuthatha isithombe ngokuphawulekayo, ukunikeza isikhathi sokuchayeka siphansi <100 ms.
Ithebula lesi-2 libonisa isibonelo esisetshenziwe sokuskena phakathi kwe-9k TDI nekhamera evamile ye-sCMOS.
Umfanekiso 4: I-motif yokuskena yokushuthwa kweseli lomuntu ngaphansi kwe-fluorescence ebonisa ithayela nomthungo (kwesokunxele) kanye nesithombe se-TDI (kwesokudla).
Ithebula 2: Ukuqhathaniswa kokuskena kwendawo kanye nesithombe se-TDI sesampula engu-15 x 15 mm nelensi yenhloso engu-10x kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka esingu-10 ms.
Nakuba i-TDI inikeza amandla amahle okukhuphuka kwesivinini sokuthwebula izithombe, kukhona okuhlukile ekusetshenzisweni kwalobu buchwepheshe. Ezikhathini zokuchayeka eziphezulu (>100 ms), ukubaluleka kwesikhathi esilahlekile ekunyakazeni nasekulungiseni izici zokuskena kwendawo kuyancishiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokuchayeka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amakhamera wokuskena endawo angase anikeze izikhathi ezincishisiwe zokuskena uma kuqhathaniswa nesithombe se-TDI. Ukuze ubone ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-TDI bungakunikeza yini izinzuzo ngaphezulu kokusetha kwakho kwamanje,Xhumana nathiokokubala kokuqhathanisa.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza
Imibuzo eminingi yocwaningo idinga ulwazi olwengeziwe kunesithombe esisodwa, njengokutholwa kwezithombe ze-multichannel noma i-multifocus.
Ukuthwebula kweziteshi eziningi kukhamera yokuskena kwendawo kubandakanya ukuthwebula izithombe kusetshenziswa ubude begagasi abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lezi ziteshi ngokuvamile zihambisana namaza ahlukene okukhanya, njengokubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani, nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isiteshi ngasinye sithwebula ubude begagasi obuthile noma ulwazi lokubuka endaweni yesehlakalo. Ikhamera ibe isihlanganisa lawa mashaneli ukuze ikhiqize isithombe esinombala ogcwele noma esine-multispectral, inikeze umbono obanzi wendawo yesehlakalo ngemininingwane ecacile ye-spectral. Emakhamera okuskena endawo, lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokuchayeka okusobala, nokho, nge-TDI imaging, isihlukanisi singasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa inzwa ibe izingxenye eziningi. Ukuhlukanisa i-9kTDI (45 mm) kuzinzwa ezingu-3 x 15.0 mm kusazoba kukhulu kunenzwa evamile (6.5 µm pixel ububanzi, 2048 pixels) ububanzi obungu-13.3 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-TDI idinga kuphela ukukhanya engxenyeni yesampula ethathwa njengesithombe, izikena zingaqhutshwa ngebhayisikili ngokushesha okukhulu.
Enye indawo lapho lokhu kungase kube njalo kusekucabangeni okugxilwe kakhulu. Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-Multifocus kumakhamera okuskena endawo kufaka phakathi ukuthwebula izithombe eziningi kumabanga ahlukene okugxilwe kuwo nokuzihlanganisa ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe esiyinhlanganisela esinaso sonke isigcawu esigxile kakhulu. Ikhuluma ngamabanga ahlukahlukene esigcawini ngokuhlaziya nokuhlanganisa izifunda ezigxilile kusuka esithombeni ngasinye, okuholela ekumeleleni okuningiliziwe kwesithombe. Futhi, ngokusebenzisa aisihlukanisiukuhlukanisa inzwa ye-TDI ibe yizicucu ezimbili (22.5 mm), noma ezintathu (15.0 mm), kungase kwenzeke ukuthola isithombe se-multifocus ngokushesha kunokulingana kwesikena sendawo. Ukuze uthole i-multifocus yezinga eliphezulu (izitaki ezingu-z zokungu-6 noma ngaphezulu) nokho, ukuskena kwendawo kungase kuhlale kuyindlela esheshayo yokuthatha izithombe.
Iziphetho
Leli nothi lobuchwepheshe lichaza umehluko phakathi kokuskena kwendawo kanye nobuchwepheshe be-TDI bokuskena kwendawo enkulu. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuskena komugqa nokuzwela kwe-sCMOS, i-TDI ifinyelela ukuthwebula izithombe okusheshayo, kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kweziphazamiso, idlula izindlela ezivamile zokuskena zendawo ezifana nethayela & umthungo. Hlola izinzuzo zokusebenzisa umshini wokubala wethu we-inthanethi, ucabangele ukuqagela okuhlukahlukene okuvezwe kulo mbhalo. I-TDI ime njengethuluzi elinamandla lokuthwebula izithombe elinamandla amakhulu okunciphisa izikhathi zokuthwebula kuzo zombili izindlela ezijwayelekile nezithuthukile zokuthatha izithombe.Uma ungathanda ukubona ukuthi ikhamera ye-TDI noma ikhamera yeskeni yendawo ingafanelana yini nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza futhi ithuthukise isikhathi sakho sokuthwebula, xhumana nathi namuhla.
